People versus Persons

Individuals versus Persons Individuals versus Persons Individuals versus Persons By Daniel Scocco Felix asks, â€Å"I was simply pondering when it was fitting to utilize individuals instead of persons.† There is some disarray in regards to the two terms, particularly in light of the fact that their importance and use endured a transformation along the hundreds of years. Both get from Latin, yet from various words. Individual gets from persona, which alludes to a person. Individuals, then again, gets from populum, and it alludes to a gathering of people sharing a culture or social condition. Individual is a particular structure, and its plural is people. Over the time, in any case, numerous journalists began to receive individuals as the plural type of individual, and these days it is generally acknowledged. Notice that lawful and exceptionally formal messages despite everything use people as the plural structure. One qualification that was proposed was to utilize people as long as there was a countable number of people (e.g., 67 people left the school) and individuals when such a number was huge and inconclusive (e.g., the individuals left the arena rapidly). The standard didn't get on, however, and a few authors despite everything use individuals in any event, when there is an unmistakable or modest number of people. At long last, individuals can likewise be utilized in the plural structure (e.g., the people groups of Asia) when it alludes to the distinctive social gatherings that live in a specific locale. Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Use a Dash for Number Ranges40 Words Beginning with Para-

Aviation Management Fastest Growing Sector

Question: How techniques sketched out in the EU manageable aeronautics strategy is progressively alluring and serious? Answer: Presentation As per Cini and Borragan (2016), the European Union is a political and efficient gathering of 28 nations arranged for the most part in Europe, working through an arrangement of intergovernmental-arranged choices and supranational establishments by the part states. European Union feasible flight strategy tends to current issues in the field of flights like encouraging the utilization of bio-powers, improving airplane eco-friendliness, limiting ecological effect and lessening airframe and motor commotion. The key terms like allure, strategy and intensity are explained by refering to the approaches of European Union. The aeronautics strategy of European Union is connected with the engaging quality and seriousness. Characterizing terms: Approach: According to Scarlat et al. (2015), the flight part is one of the quickest moving segments all around. The supportable flying strategy intends to address current issues of flight like : extending the utilization of bio-powers, diminishing natural effect, raising the airplane eco-friendliness and decreasing airplane and motor commotion. This strategy plans to diminish the worldwide decrease of nursery by 70% (Richardson 2015), not many of the arrangement proposals of European Union are as per the following: Assessing the difficulties presented by Aviation division: The evaluation by the European Environmental Agency of the test aeronautics have to the test flight have to the environmental change destinations and remembering the 2020 to multi year outline. They have surrounded a drawn out targets with an achievement for accomplishing the flights emanations goals by 2050 (Golinska and Hajdul 2012). Utilizing the post of EU administration: The utilizing of the post of EU administration approaches the EU to make a level playing field among flight and different ventures that are secured under Kyoto Protocol. This implies going to a nonpartisan ground of lessening or counterbalancing avionics carbon di oxide emanation to 8%, in accordance with the understanding. The EU should follow the atmosphere changes occurring because of the carrier takeoffs of European Union trips as well as of all the total number of flights leaving under the locale of EU. Then again, different associations have seen increasingly extreme perspectives like the avionics division should pay for a lot heftier expenses to balance the discharge made by the flights. In this situation, the 8 % Kyoto EU target convention isn't just logical, yet additionally a thing of grave significance to standard the situation of the flying and convey a level playing field for a wide of associations (Scarlat et al. 2015). The political and specialized point of view: The ordinary framework expect that the plane organizations will be legitimately associated with emanation exchanging; on the opposite on an alternate understanding air terminals under the locale of EU will buy recompenses in regard of carbon di oxide discharges from withdrew planes to a degree of concurred target. The EU air terminal outflow charge shifts as indicated by the size and kind of the motors and EU maintains whatever authority is needed to change the rules change whenever as per the accommodation of EU. General enhancement to EU air terminal charges, express that the carrier has each advantage to decrease the outflows of hurtful gases corresponding to fuel consumes and the air terminals can charge in the event that they believe that to be balanced. Putting accentuation on social targets: The social destinations is of prime significance to the EU supportable advancement arrangement and the approach ought to be dependent upon social value evaluation. Many assessment recommendations are directed to the social improvement capacities like destitution decrease or other social issues. Charging higher ticket costs to the aircrafts loaded up by higher pay gatherings and slicing wear of clamor contamination to an allowable degree of 30 decibels. Appeal: According to Regan (2014), the usage of EU Sustainable flight arrangement had gotten a blended response, one gathering of individuals refered to this as an extreme decision where as other gathering accepting it as an inviting change. Driving industrialists invited this, by underlining this is a practical methods of conveying targets. European Union has started different rules and arranged an enactment to advance advancement towards a Single European Sky and making an air terminal bundle to smoothen the advancement of the field of flying states. This strategy, put center around the digitalization as utilization of automatons, item customization and an incorporated vehicle arrangement and the aircrafts and air terminals taking the assistance from this arrangement have built up an inventive business ways to deal with get hold of new wellsprings of business, hoist operational productivity and offer altered item benefits. It was discovered that an imperfect exhibition level was ac complished and a tradeoff is required to be worked among political and lawful issues for the national interests. This strategy has applied various charges dependent on the size of the motor and body, to remove the discharges from the planes. This strategy makes a playing field among flight and standard divisions that are under the Kyoto understanding, along these lines helping in cutting the outflow of destructive gases in the earth (Papageorgiou et al. 2015). Seriousness: World monetary discussion has anticipated that a fourth mechanical upheaval may come, civility the approaches of the EU Sustainable advancement strategies. Avionics helps in the exchanging of merchandise, administrations and financial advancement of countries and the travel industry and it is additionally significant for the political peacekeeping, resistance and compassionate concerns. Nations arranged in the remotest spots of the earth can be assessable just via carriers and in other enormous nations most by far of the populace relies upon the populace. Digitalisation is assisting with changing the manner in which the carrier framework works, and the commission has grasped the beneficial outcomes of innovation that can be executed towards an incorporated vehicle strategy. The carriers and air terminals are applying new and created imaginative ways to deal with look for new wellsprings of income, hoisting operational efficiencies and applying procedures to confine the c ommoditization of the items and offering redid services.On the other hand Richardson et al. (2015), expressed that automatons are representing a precarious test to the EU flying arrangement and the utilization of automatons requires a few multiplications with respect to wellbeing of air traffic, individual protection, security and enactment of the affirmation and authorizing to the name of the administrators. As of late a worry has became over the way that the shortage of a similar playing field between standard segments and avionics areas, that are as of now secured by the Kyoto targets, was putting in danger the intensity of the standard parts previously secured by the Kyoto understandings. The EU account clergymen have vowed to place cash in current open administrations and they went under elevted strain to manage an expanding government area loaning gear. EU supportable flight strategy: Avionics part is one of the quickest developing segment in Europe and this division makes a ton of natural contamination. European Union has made economical avionics approach to adapt up to the natural contamination and has made maintainable arrangements with the goal that the nations and the carriers working out of European Union nations needs to cling to the strategies made by EU so the contamination level can be held under check and the dirtying aircrafts financially repays EU so this will go about as an impediment to the contaminating carrier organizations. European Union gives social value as prime significance in the Sustainable avionics strategies and the social value viewpoint offers significance to: a. Destitution decrease: European Union put a lot of exertion in conveying the improvement objectives on lessening the neediness and in this manner executing Franco-German aeronautics charge recommendations. Franco-German flying duty recommendations disguises the outer expense of flying and lift the Millenium improvement Goal subsidizing. b. Spreading mindfulness: One of the significant goal of Sustainable approach is to spread mindfulness about the ecological effect of avionics and give an away from of how the European flying is performing. Subsequently, citizens,policy producers, legislators, industrialists and controllers have lucidity on the functions of the flying division and they can settle on their choices in like manner. Structure and Technology: According to Weinhold (2013), feasible approach points in improving the degrees of commotion and emanations through improving the plan and innovation of the aviation working out of European Union and making an understood gauge on the discharges. This approach likewise give experiences into manageable plans, for example, open rotor, and their ecological exhibition. d. Elective Fuels: This strategy offers significance to the utilization of elective energizes, for example, lessening CNG emanations in the coming decades and empowering the utilization of bio-fills. Market based measures: Market based measures are required in meeting the discharge focuses of the avionics and minor operational and mechanical enhancements are not viewed as enough. Market based measures to handle the effect of Emission Trading System for intra-EU flights, and of outflows and commotion charging plans (Groeke 2013). Outline 1 indicating the all out outflows when contrasted with supportable degree of discharge (Source: Fan 2013) Aside from the previously mentioned focuses, the manageable strategy additionally puts significance to the Research and Development, to improve the structuring and innovation of aircrafts which helps in cutting emanations. Then again Golinska and Hajdul (2012), expressed that, in the aeronautics part, the consequences of research set aside a long effort to manage products of the soil lead to a circumstance of market disappointments and contortions. The Sustainability arrangement h

The Concept Of Sustainable Agriculture Environmental Sciences Essay

The Concept Of Sustainable Agriculture Environmental Sciences Essay This undertaking will both explore and notify various elements which add to the present supportability and those that may impact this maintainability. This venture is legitimately identified with a contextual analysis which we as a gathering watched; the contextual investigation was done across 5 ranches operating at a profit Lion district Co Cavan which is appeared on the guide beneath. Manageable agribusiness is the act of cultivating utilizing standards of nature, the investigation of connections among living beings and their condition. It has been characterized as an incorporated arrangement of plant and creature creation works on having a site-explicit application that will, over the long haul: Worldwide maintainability of farming: Worldwide maintainability of farming spreads a huge swath of themes they being: Biodiversity, Vitality, Fisheries Woods, Manure, Food, Populace, Water. The term maintainability in nature terms legitimately depicts how organic frameworks stay differing and gainful after some time. Seemingly perpetual and sound wetlands and woods are instances of manageable organic frameworks. For people, supportability is the potential for long haul upkeep of prosperity, which has natural, monetary, and social measurements. At present the world is encountering various ecological difficulties which are making significant social, financial and political outcomes all through the globe. If we somehow managed to concentrate on these natural issues separately would not be appropriate as all life on the Earth is a piece of a huge environment, and what impacts one piece of the framework influences the entirety. This could be seen during our site visit as was profoundly delineated by every one of the ranchers that as present government and EU strategies specify on loading rates, cultivating techniques and cultivating by the schedule when by and by this isn't the most reasonable case. This is because of various issues as concentrating on any single issue, for example, loading rates for each territory is diverse because of the neighborhood condition additionally disintegrating amounts of hereditary seed stock, safeguarding, for example, soil base (green spread during December-January) are issues aimed at Ireland and EU, however bigger issues, for example, lacking provincial food stocks for world populaces, water flexibly, a diminishing ranger service base are for the most part issues to be tended to worldwide and are crucial necessities of things to come. At the point when any of these issues is tended to, all parts of the entire must be brought into thought. Horticultural supportability worldwide has a key task to carry out in discovering answers for the difficulties confronting the Earth such issues as: - lacking access to food, - declining hereditary assorted variety, - natural corruption, disappearing backwoods Without answers for these issues to be acknowledged new difficulties will quick rise. Such difficulties which exist in a district, for example, west Cavan are the way environmental change is influencing land condition, grass development designs, the accessibility of new water. Alongside climatic issues, for example, Reps, the water structure order, Nitrates mandate and top are all set up to add to the safeguarding of such a country domain. EU and National Policies/Directives Irelands National Biodiversity Planâ was propelled in April 2002. The arrangement set out a system that would help give Ireland protection and manageable methods that could be utilized to improve and upgrade biodiversity all through the nation. The arrangement had certain points and destinations to accomplish, and was to be investigated following a five-year time span. There were fifteen subjects and parts, with point by point activities that should have been sought after to accomplish its goals. The National Biodiversity Plan set up unique secured territories, which was significant for the protection of biodiversity in Ireland. About 10% of Ireland was viewed as significant for nature preservation and were remembered for the secured regions program. The system for site assurance in Ireland, both regarding what ought to be ensured and how it ought to be secured, are controlled by national and by EU strategy. These frameworks and methods of securing the SPAs, were alternatives in the REPS plans, where there was added motivations and rewards to the rancher for undertaking estimates which were intended to improve biodiversity on his/her homestead. REPS become a significant plan to ranchers in these SPAs, especially in west area Cavan as there were considerable installments on a yearly reason for any taking an interest rancher. A case of a valuable measure that could be embraced to upgrade biodiversity in REPS is the preservation of wild winged creature living spaces. This beneficial measure intends to improve environment structures for wild flying creatures and furnish them with all the more rearing locales. There are SPAs assigned all through the nation to secure helpless species, for example, the corncrake and the hen harrier. Every rancher could get an additional installment for undertaking a strengthening measure, as referenced above, on their REPS installment which was paid on a for every hectare premise. A REPS plan must be drawn up by an affirmed organi zer, and any arrangement that included commonage/NHA/SAC/SPAs must be endorsed and marked by an affirmed tree hugger. The organizer should set out the administration necessities as per the important commonage system plan, NPWS site the executives plan or concurred cultivating solution. The arrangement needs to incorporate a natural report, arranged by the tree hugger. Explicit site prerequisites may incorporate highlights, for example, change in accordance with stock numbers or touching system, healing works, for example, fencing or waste expulsion, limited utilization of pesticides and manures or any extra necessities set out in the REPS organizer. It is obligatory to get endorsement from the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if any rancher means to expand stock levels, acquaint stock with territories that were not touched previously or change the kind of stock on the homestead over the span of the arrangement. This expert information and exhortation into these plans, f rom experts, for example, REPS organizers, earthy people and division authorities, have had a constructive effect on the commonage and SPAs in west district Cavan, and different zones with comparable scene highlights. Ranchers have utilized the expert exhortation accessible to them, have utilized the plans and motivators all of which have secured and improve the biodiversity of their neighborhood. The REPS plot has apparently had the best impact on ranchers cultivating in commonage and SPA/NHA/SACs territories. There are obligatory courses to be embraced for every rancher, which instructs them on the best way to deal with their homesteads effectively, with issues, for example, supplement the board plans, insurance of conduits/living spaces and the advantageous measures. This training, as I would see it has had a constructive outcome on ranchers and has been placed use in cultivating areas where REPS was famous. Likewise, the budgetary advantages of the REPS plans carried numerous po sitives to zones, for example, west province Cavan, as by far most of the cash was spent in the neighborhood economy. Plans, for example, the National Biodiversity Plans, Commonage Framework Plans, Duchas/NPWS plans and REPS plans have all carried positive effects on regions, for example, west region Cavan an I expect will proceed later on in some structure. Proposals that some accentuation will be put on open products in the SFP post 2013 is sure, and demonstrates that both the EU and the Irish government are resolved to ensuring Ireland commonage and untamed life highlights into what's to come. End: To finish up upon our assessment of the Black lion locale in Co Cavan. We arrived at the resolution that manageability inside the locale could be seen under various headings social, efficient and ecological components. Social: The reasons as that were clarified during the visit identifying with social factors inside the district was that very little work outside of cultivating existed inside the locale and as a general rule the more youthful age saw an exit from this with displacement from the area being the subsequent factor. This at that point brought about that age getting instructed leaving the locale taking up home near work for the most part along the east coast which brought about the west Cavan district being surrendered and free all income which such individuals living in the region would have brought. Such a circumstance additionally leaves a distressing viewpoint for farming as there remains no replacement to steer after the present owner passes, Financial: If the locale is to stay manageable in a monetary sense there is essential requirement for support to expand on the present populace inside the area. Motivating forces must be set up to energize the advancement of work inside the locale. As the cultivating network could be straightforwardly included inside such an improvement because of the land inside their ownership could be used for off-ranch pay based endeavors, for example, the travel industry: slope strolling, angling, swamp swimming ect. As though current patterns were to proceed with the area could quick get under populated and may before long become separated. Under populace may thusly brings about cultivating getting wiped out inside the area this would likewise bring about a negative effect for the earth because of no safeguarding of the land which could bring about abundance of the mountains and no protection of such an uncommon scene. Ecological: Agriculture has had a significant influence in the financial and manageable development of this district. Notwithstanding, with the goal for this to proceed, the farming network needs to guarantee that different commitments in regards to the law and the earth are applied which current Legislation is set up to guarantee: which limit the maltreatment of exercises, for example, Land spreading good ways from water bodies. It is fundamental that the necessary separations are seen on account of household wells and

Washington Mutual Bank: Case for Consumer Rights

McKell v. Washington Mutual Bank (2006) is a case for shopper rights featuring the privilege of the customers to ‘buy at the privilege price.’â For this situation, the buyers were not accepting merchandise and services.â Rather, the market comprised of genuine property; and one of the partners †Washington Mutual, Inc. †was exaggerating the costs of â€Å"underwriting, charge administrations, and wire move expenses related to home loans.† [1]â Washington Mutual Bank had cheated the purchasers for these administrations †claimed the offended parties (not many of the purchasers) †when the genuine costs that the bank had paid to specialist organizations for the similar administrations were less. The litigants (Washington Mutual) were essentially making a benefit on the administrations they had paid off various suppliers and offering to different citizenry that required them at the time.â Is this sort of benefit making unlawful? †From the perspective of buyers, it might just be unlawful, seeing that all buyers need to pay the ‘best prices.’â However, in the event that the buyers were to quit utilizing the administrations of Washington Mutual Bank, they would perhaps need to visit different specialist co-ops for endorsing, charge administrations, and wire moves, and still go to the respondents for home credits. In the integrative business of Washington Mutual, everything is taken consideration of.â In perspective on this, it was chosen by a preliminary court in California that the grumbling made by the offended parties must be excused in light of the fact that there had been no composed understanding between the gatherings to express that Washington Mutual, Inc. can't charge in abundance of the costs that it pays to the administration providers.â The case went into appeal.â It is going to keep being thought of; truth be told, the California Court of Appeal has concurred with a piece of the plaintiff’s grumbling and consented to survey this buyer case further.[2] The principle motivation behind why the McKell v. Washington Mutual Bank case has still not been closed is that purchasers feel hoodwinked when they are informed that they are being charged just the costs of the administrations purchased, when in actuality the venders have overcharged.â Although benefit making isn't viewed as illicit, for this situation the shoppers feel cheated in light of the fact that they had been educated by Washington Mutual that they were being charged the costs of specific administrations that cost a specific sum. As it turned out, the costs charged incorporated a gigantic markup, while the customers kept on accepting that they were paying the ‘right prices.’â The offended parties neglected to deliver every single important record to help their allegations.â Nevertheless, the way that Washington Mutual had neglected to make reference to the purchasers that an assistance expense was being included for the administrations being referred to †has handled the bank in hot water.â Moreover, by charging a value that is higher than the market value, the bank is liable for conflicting with â€Å"Congress’s expressed purpose to shield buyers from pointlessly high settlement charges.†[3]â Indeed, this is the most grounded contention to keep the McKell v. Washington Mutual case going sooner rather than later. Washington Mutual Bank might be accused of close monopolistic practices in the coming days, in spite of the fact that it has not been resolved whether the bank’s contenders are charging markups that are endlessly dissimilar.â Assuming that the contenders of the bank are charging significantly less than Washington Mutual, the equity framework might just conclude that Washington Mutual must compensation the legitimate charges of out of line rivalry. Seeing that both government and state laws challenge close monopolistic practices, that is, charging costs that are a lot higher than those at the market harmony †the Californian courts may inevitably wind up with a solid hand securing the premiums of the purchaser and charging Washington Mutual Bank significantly more than it charged its buyers through purportedly â€Å"unfair† practices.[4] Works Cited McKell v. Washington Mutual: IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, SECOND APPELLATE COURT, DIVISION ONE. 2006. 4 June 2007. <http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/mckellclassactiondefense_opn.pdf>. McKell v. Washington Mutual-Class Action Defense Cases: Defense Motion To Dismiss Class Activity Improperly Granted As To Breach of Contract And UCL Claims Based On Federal RESPA Violations California Court Holds. Class Action Defense Blog. 2007. 4 June 2007 <http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/2006/09/class_action_defense_casesmcke_1.html>. [1] â€Å"McKell v. Washington Mutual-Class Action Defense Cases: Defense Motion To Dismiss Class Action Improperly Granted As To Breach of Contract And UCL Claims Based On Federal RESPA Violations California Court Holds,† Class Action Defense Blog, 2007, 4 June 2007 <http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/2006/09/class_action_defense_casesmcke_1.html>. [2] â€Å"McKell v. Washington Mutual: IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, SECOND APPELLATE COURT, DIVISION ONE,† 2006, 4 June 2007, <http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/mckellclassactiondefense_opn.pdf>. [3] â€Å"McKell v. Washington Mutual-Class Action Defense Cases.† [4] Ibid.

Learn to Write About Literature

Learn to Write About LiteratureWriting essays about literature is a method, just like any other writing assignment, and it must be done right if you want to earn a high grade. If you understand how to use the essay as a method and not just write the assignment, then you are well on your way to writing an essay that is of outstanding quality.A good essay is one that uses all learning methods to provide the most useful information. It should touch on the subject with a variety of information and analysis. All of the information must be relevant to the topic at hand and should clearly support your argument.Most of the learning about an art form like theater or poetry or a novel is research done from a variety of sources. When learning about a form such as literature, the majority of the reading required is related to the genre's sub-genres. These genres include drama, mystery, fiction, poetry, film, humor, and criticism. So when learning to write about these types of genres you will nee d to read as much as possible, including the literature they are based on.Learning to write about these genres can be a bit complicated, especially when you do not know all of the methods available. In addition, since each sub-genre has its own rules, you should also be familiar with those rules and the strategies used to craft the piece you are writing. This requires a great deal of effort on your part.Although this is harder than it sounds, it is also part of the learning process and you will be free to develop your own style as you go along. You will discover a number of methods to learn to write about these subjects in depth, but you will also find that each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, no matter what method you choose, it should be an extension of your own style and should be used to enhance the effectiveness of your arguments.The essay that you eventually write is the only chance you have to convey to your reader why they should care about your idea s. In order to do this, you will need to write it with care and deliberation. It is not enough to just slap together some thoughts in a flash.Writing an essay is an exercise in patience. The writer must take their time to think about and decide on the best way to construct their essay. For this reason, you should not try to make up methods for writing essays about literature or any other genre as quickly as possible. Instead, you should spend as much time as possible, researching all of the available methods and getting adequate practice at each method before you attempt to write an essay that truly impresses the reader.Essays about literature do not have to be perfect. They can still be a valuable tool for learning about a particular type of writing. They can also teach the writer to express their ideas through literature and enable them to become skilled at writing the essay themselves, thus gaining a more in-depth understanding of the subject and the writing skills to produce a w ell-written essay of excellent quality.

Why is Structure and Style® so effective

Share on Facebook Linkedin Share Button Tweet Widget Pinterestby Dr. James B. Webster I completed a four-year B.A. with honors in history and English, in which three to four yearlong courses required three substantial essays each plus a three-hour final exam, in which all questions were essay type. The two-year M.A. in history was more of the same plus a 250-page dissertation. Again more of the same for the Ph.D. in England and a thesis, which was eventually published as a book. One thing was clear.  Elementary and high school had not prepared me for this load of writing. When I began to teach, I determined that my students would know how to write well. My philosophy of teaching involved having children learn writing skills whatever the content of the subject. Consequently, except for math, all my classes became writing classes. Hence, I am impatient with teachers who argue, â€Å"We have no time for writing because of all the new subjects such as ‘Environmental Studies’ which we are compelled to teach.† I taught for forty-four years: to primary (grades 1–3), special education, elementary (grades 4–7), and high school students; to undergrads for ten years in Africa where all students were ESL; and in Canada for twenty, when in the last decade before my retirement my work was supervising M.A. and Ph.D. theses. Every year I taught writing first, and second, whatever content was demanded by the powers-that-be. Quickly I learned that almost nothing had been written on how to teach youths to write. Thus, over forty-four years by trial and error, I began to adopt what worked and reject what didn’t. I was not much interested in why a certain technique worked. I was too busy. If it worked, I adopted it. For example, when my boys were falling behind, I concentrated upon methods to engage them, and Structure Style has been praised as effective with males. I attended symposia, in-services, and conventions, listened to special speakers, and read lots of books to find small nuggets of help. It was like picking a few grains of rice from heaps of sand. Occasionally a speaker might catch my imagination and seem very logical. Returning to the classroom, I would enthusiastically structure a whole unit for the next month around his method, only to find that a gimmick or two worked, but as a whole it was useless. Maybe it was lots of fun, but little learning happened. In addition, during my teaching years, possibly eight waves of new theories of learning swept across North America and sometimes beyond. Just before I retired, it was Whole Language, while just after I left Africa, American â€Å"experts† were peddling the idea that African students should be taught 10,000 English words which would create functional literacy. Imagine English with its million words being reduced to 10,000. Imagine teaching Shakespeare within a vocabulary of 10,000 words. Imagine teaching the physical geography of a continent in 10,000 words. My vocabulary in French easily runs to 10,000 words, but I can’t even imagine writing an essay about Moliere with that amount of language. Functional literacy means you can order a burger, chips, and beer and can ask for the location of the washroom without scaring the natives. Whole Language was nearly as comic since, with this, much learning seemed to be through osmosis. I could never really grasp that concept. Apparently many students couldn’t either. How are these new theories invented and spread? Many are created in universities, colleges, or think tanks by â€Å"experts† who are highly qualified in higher degrees but have little or no teaching experience. They secure a grant to test the new theory with master teachers in a few select classrooms. Naturally, the final data supports the theory. A publishing company puts its advertising dollars behind it, pushes it in various states, and then obtains a monopoly of the books required for implementing and sustaining it. Once the monopoly ends, there will be five or six new theories standing in line, each one with a different publisher waiting to battle it out to control the next wave and the next monopoly. How are we different? you may well ask. Structure Style emerged over forty years in a variety of classrooms. No â€Å"expert† as defined above exists. My area of expertise is pre-colonial, pre-contact West African History. I specialize in the collection and analysis of oral tradition and oral evidence, myth, and legend. Sometimes when I am asked to lecture on writing, my sponsors will want to include my degrees after my name. I tell them that those degrees help me earn a living and are necessary and even compulsory in some circumstances, but they have no bearing on my qualification to teach writing. No institution in the world offers a B.A. or any other degree in teaching writing. Rather, I tell a sponsor to point out my forty-four years of teaching, from first grade to Ph.D. Since I do not talk the special lingo of educational faculties, I doubt any state or Canadian province will give my writing method a monopoly. It is too practical and grass-rooted. Good teachers will grasp it and produce students who can write . It will not be imposed from on high by a government department upon thousands of teachers who resent the imposition, pretend to comply, but continue to teach as they always have. A decade later, testing would show the new idea had failed. One idea bites the dust; another takes over. The people I have chosen to spread the word about Structure Style are similar to myself: some have strings of degrees, others do not. They were chosen—with or without degrees—because I have found them to be extraordinary teachers and excellent communicators, with a knowledge and love of the classics of our language and proven success in teaching children of all ages to write using Structure Style. If they produce results—student achievement results, not marketing results—they are chosen. Some peculiar results arise from my grass-roots approach: When in one school, a special education teacher gets spectacular results, rumors in the whole district spread that the program is especially designed for children with learning disabilities. No one else attempts it. In another district, a teacher dealing only with gifted children uses the program with outstanding results, and the rumor flies that Structure Style is only for the gifted. No other teacher touches it. When in a private school for boys the students become enthusiastic writers, the word circulates that it is designed only for boys. Other teachers shun it. Finally, if a regular teacher with a regular class achieves great results, people say, â€Å"We’ve always known that teacher is outstanding.† One of my master teachers has this latter problem. Over and over she proclaims, â€Å"It’s not me. It’s the program.† The answer: â€Å"Oh, she is so delightfully modest!† Readers ma y adjudge the why of these reactions. I have my suspicions. I began with a query: Why is Structure Style effective? While I have some scattered ideas about that topic, the question has never really preoccupied my mind. I know it is. What energy is left in my eighty-two-year-old brain devotes itself to trying out new strategies which might be more effective, or might not. Adopt or eliminate. I’m still in the game of trial and error just as I have been for the past forty-four years. I want to die playing that game.     © 2009, Institute for Excellence in Writing, L.L.C. The above article is available for your personal use or for distribution. Permission given to duplicate complete and unaltered. File attachment: why_structure_and_style_effective.pdf why_structure_and_style_effective_plain.pdf

Irony in Catch 22 by Joseph Heller Essay - 865 Words

Irony in Catch-22 by Joseph Heller According to The Merriam - Webster Dictionary Irony is 1.) the use of words to express the opposite of what one really means 2.) incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the expected result (380) In Catch-22 the type of irony that Heller uses is the second definition incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the expected results (Merriam - Webster Dictionary 380). For example in Catch-22 Heller writes Actually, there were many officers clubs that Yossarian had not helped build, but he was proudest of the one on Pianosa (18). You would have expected Heller to write he was proudest of the club that he built but he says the opposite and that†¦show more content†¦The comic formula Catch-22 sums up mans position on am absurd universe, and the novel shows that is applies to every aspect of life: to war, to love, to business, even to religion. (Colmer 210) Part of the irony that envelops Catch-22 is the use of its extremely creative dialogue and scenes in the story. Heller places the reader in a atmosphere where comedy shouldnt be able to exist at all, but Heller somehow puts a reverse on the normality and creates a memorable scene. Heller invents dialogue rich in humor and pathos in order to fit the serious religious and philosophical implications of Catch-22 into his comic novel. (Colmer 212) The comedy that Catch-22 brings is ironic in itself, think how can you get humor out of war which entails pain and suffering, that beats me how Heller does it but by whatever means used Heller creates a complete package of humor and real life occurrences which is a great fete in itself. Though its comic formula riddle, Hellers novel expresses the apparently inescapable human predicament. (Colmer 213) The irony is also that Heller points to something more deep and unknown that war, pain, and suffering itself. In this way Heller points to the inner realms of mans consciousness and sanity to find a completely different and unique personalityShow MoreRelated Essay on Satire, Sarcasm, and Irony in Catch-22 by Joseph Heller684 Words   |  3 PagesSatire, Sarcasm, and Irony in Catch-22  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Joseph Hellers narration, dialogue, and characterization in Catch-22 all create a unique perspective of war and our societys bureaucracy. The satire, sarcasm, irony, and general absurdity of the novel provide a view of the irrationality of mans behavior. The horror that is portrayed in Catch-22 is intensified by the humorous way in which it is portrayed. Distortion and exaggeration highlight the characters and scenario while magnifying the confusionRead MoreWar in Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut and Catch-22 by Joseph Heller1074 Words   |  5 PagesSlaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut and Catch-22 by Joseph Heller both have a striking resemblance in the themes of anti-war and of free will. 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