Essay on Prostitution in Pompeii - 2761 Words

Prostitution, as stated by Flemming, is known as a form of sexual activity, a kind of sexual style or category, and a form of economic activity, a way of making a living through the provisions of certain services, by behaving in accordance with, or falling into such a category (39). This definition, though, is controversial. While conducting research for this project, we found that most topics regarding prostitution and its affiliates were controversial. Each author gave a differing interpretation for the same data. Due to this, our project centered on the female prostitutes, even though there is evidence of male prostitutes. Virtue is something lofty, elevated and regal, invincible and indefatigable; Pleasure is something lowly and†¦show more content†¦The womans sexual honor also represented the honor of her family. It was the mans job to protect the familys honor and; therefore, the sexual integrity of the women within the family (McGinn, 10-11). Women were expected to remain sexually faithful to their husbands, while men were free to sleep with prostitutes and slaves as they wished. Prostitutes and Pimps Prostitutes were seen as both useful and unsavory at the same time (Flemming, 44). Mens nature required a setting aside of a class of degraded women to service them (McGinn, 214). The Augustan Laws regarding prostitution are a good illustration of the sheer hypocrisy men displayed with regard to the women in their society. For example, the Tax legitimized prostitution as a legal entity, while the Registration stigmatized women, making them ineligible for respectable work and isolating them to the lower class of society (McGinn, 212 287). The authoritarian elite of the Roman Empire regarded prostitution as an institution through which women were made and marketed as sexual objects of a certain, approved type for the general populace (Flemming, 56). In general, prostitution was seen like everything else, to be enjoyed in moderation (Flemming, 44). Pimps and procuresses were seen as even more disagreeable because of the widespread belief that they exploited the weak, and were merchants of dishonor (McGinn, 136). Basically, laws were established to make prostitution legal butShow MoreRelatedThe And Sexual Graffiti And Erotic Art1188 Words   |  5 Pages The information about brothels in Pompeii is much disputed. There is only one location, now called the Lupanar or Purpose-Built Brothel, which has been conclusively identified as a brothel. Accepted indications of ancient brothels include sexual graffiti, erotic art, and small rooms with stone beds. These indicators are found in more than 35 sites around Pompeii. Further research of these sites reveals that many were actually bars, inns, and baths, as well as stalls on the street that could easilyRead MoreThe Private and Public Leisure Activities of Pompeii and Herculaneum1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe private and public leisure activities of Pompeii and Herculaneum Introduction: The private and public leisure activities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were largely abundant. Many activities could be participated in and were used often. These include Drama performances, gladiatorial games, drinking, gambling, brothels, exercise, gardens, baths and food and dining. All these were an important part of Pompeian and Herculaneum life. They were seen as important to keep the body and mind healthyRead MoreAnalysis Of Pompeii In The Satyricon1146 Words   |  5 Pages The Satyricon has been dated to the first century CE, in which Pompeii was a Roman city and the eruption of Mount Vesuvius happened in 79 CE. Due to the mentions of Pompeii in The Satyricon without mention of the eruption, it can be assumed that the novel was written before the eruption and that some of the Roman lifestyles can be applied to Pompeii as it still stood and was partially Romanized during this text. Although this Roman work is a fictional satire, it still illuminates what social partiesRead Mo reA Woman s Status During The Roman World1448 Words   |  6 Pagesirrevocably inferior to the rest of the Roman populace, sex work itself was not outlawed. The popularity of brothels juxtaposed with the degradation of the women working in the brothels reflects the ambivalent attitude of Roman society toward prostitution. Over time, Roman lawmakers attempted to assuage this cognitive dissonance by first regulating sex workers’ socially, recognising their rights to exist and ply their trade while increasingly segregating them from respectable society. The changesRead MorePompeii and Herculaneum Leisure Activities3640 Words   |  15 PagesPompeii and Herculaneum: Leisure Activities For each Ive chosen one main source, and gathered a variety of other sources to help explain and reinforce it further. I find that one source (particularly buildings alone) are not enough to base all of the information on, and you gain a more comprehensive understanding by combining them. Entertainment was essential to daily life in Ancient Rome.   According to Juvenal1, it seemed that all Romans were interested in was bread and circuses,   and withRead MoreProstitution And Its Effects On Women And Their Clients1503 Words   |  7 Pages In the United States, prostitution is regarded as vile, crude, and an assortment of other words. Those in the profession are regarded as no better than sluts or whores because not only as they having sex, they’re taking money just for some man to use their bodies to release his sexual tension. As a result of this thinking, only a few counties in one state has legalized prostitution and another state had it for a time as a result of a complete accident in the wording of the law. The reasons for theRead MoreThe Religious And Social Differences Between Ancient Greece And Rome Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagessimilar—but that just is not true, not in entirety. The pagan gods of ancient Rome are known to be more violent t han their Greek counterparts; for example, Venus was the Roman goddess of not just love, but also of â€Å"sex, beauty, fertility, and even prostitution† (Garcia). On the other side, the Greek goddess Aphrodite was solely about love, beauty, and desire; and not just simple love either, she was also known for inspiring the love of one’s self as well. Aside from the differences in the Greek and RomanRead MoreThe True Tale Of The Goddess1484 Words   |  6 Pagesprogressed in stages in the late first century B.C. and early first century A.D., located in present day Geyre, Turkey and undoubtedly well-known during the time of Jesus. Notably, the city s remarkable state of preservation led to comparisons with Pompeii; although the temple’s ruins retain significant damage, today this area persists as being widely recognized as one of the best-preserved sites in the Classical World. Indisputably, Aphrodite existed in a variety of sacred sites, spotlighted as theRead Mo reShould Prostitution Be Allowed?3116 Words   |  13 PagesProstitution is known as the world’s oldest profession. Should prostitution be allowed? Or should it stay banned with no intention of becoming permitted or legal? Some historians have confirmed prostitution is unquestionably the oldest profession going back to ancient times, but other’s will dispute that it is not, yet everybody agrees paying for sexual favors have been around for a very long time. There will forever be a demand for the services that it offers, prostitution will be present in someRead MorePornography In The Media1532 Words   |  7 Pagespornography can be used to treat voyeurism. Etymology The word is similar to the Modern Greek πΠ¿Ã ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ³Ã ÃŽ ±Ãâ€ ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±, which derives from the Greek words Ï€ÏÅ'Ï ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·, and ÃŽ ³Ã ÃŽ ¬Ãâ€ ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½, and the suffix -ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±, thus meaning a written description or illustration of prostitutes or prostitution. No date is known for the first use of the word in Greek; the earliest attested, most related word one could find in Greek, is, pornographos, i.e. someone writing about harlots, in the Deipnosophists of Athenaeus. The Modern Greek word pornographia

European Relations With Native Americans - 1264 Words

Robert Bossong History II Honors Mr. Hartwell 3/2/16 European Relations with Native Americans As the Europeans arrived on American shores, they encountered a variety of native peoples. Some were living in advanced civilizations; others were living as simple hunter-gatherer cultures. By the time of the first European contact, in 1492, European settlers interacted with the native peoples in different ways. The Spanish ruled the natives as conquered people, forcing many to work on agricultural estates. The French developed a harmonious relationship with the natives. The English approach fell somewhere between the two polar European powers. The Spanish settled in present-day Mexico and Peru; they encountered the advanced civilizations of the Aztec and Inca Empires. After diseases wiped out most of the native population, millions survived. The Spanish incorporated the survivors as laborers for their own empire. Eventually, after forced labor, the survivors died from exhaustion. Few Spanish families settled the empire so the group of explorers and soldiers intermarried with the natives. After enslaving indigenous peoples in the Caribbean and the southern parts of the Americas to grow crops and mine for gold, silver, and other valuables, the Spanish moved into North America where they concentrated their efforts in what is now the southwestern and southeastern United States. In present-day Florida, Spain established a military post at San Augustà ­n, but only a smallShow MoreRelatedEssay on European and Native American Relations1436 Words   |  6 Pagescentury, Europeans made the voyage to a â€Å"new world† in order to achieve dreams of opportunity and riches. In this other world the Europeans came upon another people, which naturally led to a cultural exchange between different groups of people. Although we commonly refer to European and Indian relations as being between just two very different groups of people, it is important to recognize this is not entirely true. Although the settlers of the new world are singularly referred to as Europeans, eachRead MoreThe Colonization Of Europeans Into The North America1555 Words   |  7 Pagescolonization of Europeans into the North America had considerable impacts on the Native American lives. European empire at the time, such as the French, England and Spanish empires, often fought against each other for power and control. After the European tried to colonized, the Native American suddenly found themselves dealing with European power politics. The arrival of Europeans into the New World meant new political relationships for both the Europe an and the Native Americans. Each side had thingRead More Native Peoples in New England Essay example1579 Words   |  7 Pages Native American history spans tens of thousands of thousands of years and two continents. It is a multifaceted story of dynamic cultures that in turn spawned intricate economic relationships and complex political alliances. Through it all, the relationship of First Peoples to the land has remained a central theme. Though Native Americans of the region today known as New England share similar languages and cultures, known as Eastern Algonquian, they are not one political or social group. RatherRead MoreThe Great Lakes Region By Richard White1366 Words   |  6 Pageson the Great Lakes region during the colonial and early national periods in regards to the developing relationships between the intrusive French, British, Americans and the indigenous Native Americans. The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires and Republics in the Great Lakes Region effectively links Native American history to broader themes in American history. He presents a convincing argument of how the Middle Ground, a place the French called the pays d’en haut, allowed for mutual accommodation andRead More Prejudice Against Native Americans Essay914 Words   |  4 Pages Prejudice Against Native Americans These people began migrating thirty thousand years before Christopher Colombus quot;discoveredquot; the Americas. Native Americans migrated from Asia, crossing a land bridge where the Bering Strait off the coast of Alaska is today. Over the centuries these people spread throughout the continents of North and South America. Since the arrival of the Europeans in 1492 the American Indian has been dehumanized, decivilized and redefined into terms thatRead MoreNative and European Relations in Early America Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagesinteraction, the social and political relations between the Native Americans and the Europeans had begun with much tension. Many Europeans came to the Americas with the intention of discovery. However, when it became apparent that these new lands were inhibited the motives changed, and then the natives were colonized, abused, and in many cases killed. From then and throughout the impending periods of time, the relations between the natives and the Europeans had a few points of mutual peacefulnessRead MoreChristopher Columbus : A Dominant Figure1366 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinitely brought European countries benefits. As a result, increasing number of European colonies came to North America, trying to find new chances for lives. However, there is no doubt that sacrifice was made by specific group of people, especially native American s. European shared Native American’s resources, occupied their lands, forced them to be slaves, as well as brought diseases, which caused that millions of Native Americans died during that era. With the study of history about European colonies’Read MoreThe Native Americans And Merchants1305 Words   |  6 PagesDisaster Through reading this book I have discovered how well the Native Americans and merchants actually got along, early on. The Natives in the coastal villages had started trading with merchants early on in primitive, yet intelligent ways. Giovanni da Verrazzano reported, â€Å"They sent us what they wanted to give us on a rope continually shouting to us not to approach the land.† (Cronon 83) He also reported how the Native Americans would only meet them on very rocky tracts of coast where they couldRead MoreEffects Of European Exploration On Europe, Africa, And The Americas1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of European Exploration on Europe, Africa, and the Americas Whenever you hear about the European Exploration, or ‘The Age of Discovery’’ you hear a lot about what the Europeans gained from it, while they did learn a lot from this and gather a lot of new resources they were not the only ones affected. The Age of Discovery affected more areas that just Europe, it also affected the Americas and Africa. To prove this we must first know what European Exploration is. From the 15th century toRead MoreNative Americans And The New World1308 Words   |  6 PagesBeginning in the Sixteenth Century, Europeans sought to escape religious and class persecution by engaging on a journey to the New World. However, they were unaware that this â€Å"New World† was already inhabited by many groups of Native Americans, who had been established on the continent for thousands of years. At first, the two ethnic groups lived in relative peace. The colonists of Jamestown survived due to Powhatan’s tribe teaching them how to cultivate the land. However, things took a twisted turn

Managing Recruitment - Selection and Induction Programs

Question: Describe the organisation and its core business then explain how and why you would analyse strategic and operational plans and policies before developing recruitment, selection and induction policies and procedures. Answer: Introduction Human Resource Planning is identified to the future HR needs and can be implemented in the banking sector. It provides a rational basis to develop as well as fund the HR programs, which are required to support the objectives of the banking sectors. The future HR planning involves two of the activities such as to develop as well as analyze the data that are identified as the HR needs (Amini et al., 2016). Such data includes future gaps, the surplus in the workforce, the rate of turnover and the survey of the employees. The second activity is to develop the response to the identified needs. The report reflects on the HR function of a banking sector who works with the management in order to determine the future HR needs of the organization. It also summarizes the process by which the managers, as well as supervisors, involve in the process of recruitment, selection as well as induction. After identifying the involvement of the managers, it is required to identify the issues with the process of induction. This report reflects on the circumstances, which are required to make refinements. Finally, a reflection is given to forecasting the recruitment requirements and to fill the vacancies within the organization. Complying with the policy and procedural requirements Banking policy and procedures are developed to assist retail banking facilities in preparing standard operating procedures for the Australian Bank. The banking sector is committed to promoting equal opportunities during the process of recruitment as well as selection (Armstrong Taylor 2014). The managers and supervisors are involved in the process should refer the recruitment guidance notes for further guidance to promote equal opportunities. Selection should be made from the job description as well as personal specifications of the applicant (Dee Wyckoff, 2015). A positive approach towards the policy and procedure allows the managers to choose the best applicant for the job based on their merit. Developing and using current position descriptors and person specifications It ensures current position descriptors as well as person specifications for managers and supervisors in the recruitment, selection and induction processes use vacancies (Tyson, 2014). Using the person specifications, it enables to make certain that the best candidate to be selected for the organization. They ensure that a level of awareness is required for the person specification as it is counted towards job evaluation. The person specification uses to inform the potential applicants about the level of complexity of the job role that helps to decide if apply for the job or not. Based on the person specification, it establishes the required criteria for the candidates who are judging objectively (Russell Brannan, 2016). In order to meet with the recruitment requirements, education, as well as processing, is used to satisfy the employees. Need for training to help the employees perform their job roles The managers provide training programs to their new employees through workshops as well as seminars. These training programs include checking handling skills, account balancing tasks, the procedure for the transaction, currency recognition as well as the procedure for daily settlement (Amini et al., 2016). They are also emphasizing strategies regarding customer service as well as emergency attentiveness techniques. When the new employees are recruited in the banking sector, then staff training, as well as development activities, are required for the business. Therefore, they are required to give training in order to fulfill the organizational roles. They are given training, not for the business, but to develop the own skills as well as knowledge of the employees. The training method keeps them challenged as well as engaged in their job role. Advertising vacant position in compliance with organizational policy and legal requirements The managers should ensure that the advertising of the recruitment of the applicant is published as per the banking policy and procedures (July Trust, 2016). Authorization requires being obtained from the Finance as well as HR divisions before the role are proficient for advertising. When the approval of advertisement is granted, then the job advertisement is placed in online recruitment system to ensure the compliance with recruitment policy and procedure (Zerbini Borghini, 2015). Therefore , the vacant position is filled based on organizational policies as well as requirements. Following selection procedure that accords with organizational policy and legal requirements The manager may or may not be focus to the organizational procedures depending on the services they propose. The placement officer uses the selection process for recruiting the applicants (Russell Brannan, 2016). If the placement officer selects the applicant for the referral to an employer but discards others, then it is covered. The strategies are intended to cover all the users of worker selection policy and procedure, such as employment agencies who are focus to Federal equal employment opportunity law. Executing job offers and contracts of employment promptly The manager ensures job offers as well as contracts of employment are executed punctually, such that the employees can start their work as well as aware of their responsibilities as well as benefits to meet the organizational goals (Smith Tsutsumi, 2014). At the time of interview process, the job offers of the employees should be written in the job description. The written contract consists of the following such as: The starting salary as well as minimum number of the weekly hours The job title of the employee as well as name of the new employees immediate supervisor Type of health care, as well as insurance, benefits given to the employee Types of expenses which are given to the employee Providing new appointments with accurate advice about salary, terms, and conditions The manager provides new appointments to the new applicants who give the proper information about the salary, and organizational terms and conditions are documented (Mahmood, 2014). A job description is given to them so that the employees can get information on the total amount they get, the date of receiving the salary; get complete details of benefits plans. Salaries are discussed with the employees to familiar them with the organizational benefits (Zerbini Borghini, 2015). The starting salary of the employee should be mentioned in the appointment letter. The salary is dependent on the appointment time. If the appointment is part-time, then the salary is prorated accordingly. Following appropriate induction procedures The induction procedures are designed in order to assist the manager and supervisors with the induction of the new employees. It helps them to adjust to the new working environment so that they are efficient in their work in shortest possible time (Dessler, 2013). The content of the induction program depends on the nature of the role of the new employees. The banking sectors provide the induction program focus on power point presentation as well as lectures on the organizational cultures and opportunities. Managing probationary employees and providing them feedback until their employment is confirmed or terminated The period of probation is the extension of the process of recruitment and this period gives the time to ensure that the selection made for the vacancy is the right choice. It helps the managers to choose the right applicant for the job position (Jeske Shultz, 2015). The probation lasts from one to six months. The training department can ask the employee to walk away from the agreement at any point during the probationary period. The manager sets standards for the employees so that they can pass their probation. It provides the employees with the clear job description. It provides the business practices as well as procedures (Timming, 2014). The manager should schedule training for the employees that help them to meet their job requirements. Identification of issues with the induction process At the time of designing an induction program, the employee is required to know about the organizational goals within 24 hours, first week, first month as well as the first year (Zerbini Borghini, 2015). During the induction process, the new employees can identify the issues regarding their job, work environment, work team as well as manager ((July Trust, 2016). The employees face issues when they do not understand what is expected of them. This induction process of the banking sector includes safety training to the employees so that they can focus on the safety issues of the organization. The banking sector provides safety induction training as well as clear safety rules within the workplace (Abramo, DAngelo Rosati, 2015). Under this legislation, an employer cannot dismiss the worker when reporting an Occupational Safety and Health issues. Identification of circumstances necessary to make refinements In the banking sector, the firm records financial data nearly each activity as well as transaction, it continues to amass large amounts of data. Sometimes the data are irrelevant, as therefore there is a requirement of data refinements (Russell Brannan, 2016). They need proper data refinements mechanism through which the relevant data are filtered out. Through this mechanism, the banking sector will maintain the accurate data, but they should extract the accurate information from it (Armstrong Taylor 2014). Refinements are done from outside of the organization such as consultant and director of another organization. They evaluate the function of management of the organization as well as suggest refinements and changes for the organization (Zerbini Borghini, 2015). When the consultant identifies the issue in the business process, then the employees work hard as well as improve their ideas as well as solutions by making refinements in their work. Another circumstance when the financial data has the lack of data quality such as the data has the lack of conformity, duplication, completeness, duplication as well as integrity; then refinements are required to done (Abou-Moghli, 2015). Financial data are required to ensure their accuracy as well as consistency. Therefore, proper policies and procedures are required to maintain the data in the banking sector. However, refinements to the banking sector strategy provide training as well as experience with the employees. It helps to achieve the better focus on the critical elements of the banking strategy as well as stronger buy-in among the banking sectors. Forecasting recruitment requirements and filling vacancies In order to forecast the recruitment requirements as well as filling vacancies in the banking sector, trend analysis is used to review the past employment needs in order to predict the future needs of the organization (July Trust, 2016). This is done through analysis the number of employees at the end of the years. Secondly, the employees needs are analyzed based on financial, human resources as well as administrative functions (Mondy Mondy, 2012). Delhi Technique is used to forecast the future workforce needs of the employees. Employee referral programs are one of the ways to fill up the vacancies within the organization. The banking sector should participate in the strategic planning of the organization. Strategic planning of the organization includes the budget analysis as well as forecasting of the new employees (Russell Brannan, 2016). The human resource planning creates a plan as well as sets a timetable for the reduction of the current positions as well as career transition resources for the terminated employees (Timming, 2014). Job analysis technique is done based on the factors such as the resources required to analyze the job, the scope of the job as well as the size of the banking organization. Conclusion It is concluded that the manager of the banking sector should determine the future human resource needs. The manager, as well as supervisor, ensures the employees about the organizational policies and procedures so that they can recruit the right people at the right time. The manager develops current position descriptors and person specification such that if the employees require any further training regarding their job profile, then they are given. The employees should be concerned about all the organizational policies as well as legal requirements. Appropriate induction procedure is followed so that at the very first day, the employees should be familiar with their job profile as well as responsibilities. References Abou-Moghli, A. (2015). Recruitment and Selection and Their Effect in Achieving the Institutional Excellence.IBR,8(3). Abramo, G., DAngelo, C., Rosati, F. (2015). Selection committees for academic recruitment: does gender matter?.Research Evaluation,24(4), 392-404. Amini, M. T., Keshavarz, E., Keshavarz, A., Bagheri, S. M. (2016). Prioritisation and performance evaluation of employees at strategic human resource management process using fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methods.International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management,17(1), 61-81. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Dee, T. S., Wyckoff, J. (2015). Incentives, selection, and teacher performance: Evidence from IMPACT.Journal of Policy Analysis and Management,34(2), 267-297. Dessler, G. (2013).Human resource management. Boston, Mass.: Pearson Education. Fox, K., Smith, P. (2014). GETTING SELECTION PROCESSES RIGHT.Initial Teacher Education in Schools: A Guide for Practitioners, 5. Jeske, D., Shultz, K. (2015). Using social media content for screening in recruitment and selection: pros and cons.Work, Employment Society. July, I., Trust, H. Q. (2016). Recruitment and Selection Policy.Policy. Mahmood, M. (2014). Strategy, structure, and HRM policy orientation: Employee recruitment and selection practices in multinational subsidiaries.Asia Pacific Journal Of Human Resources,53(3), 331-350. Mondy, R., Mondy, J. (2012).Human resource management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Russell, S., Brannan, M. J. (2016). Getting the right people on the bus recruitment, selection and integration for the branded organization.European Management Journal. Smith, D., Tsutsumi, H. (2014). Candidate selection methods and policy cohesion in parties: The impact of open recruitment in Japan.Party Politics. Timming, A. (2014). Visible tattoos in the service sector: a new challenge to recruitment and selection.Work, Employment Society,29(1), 60-78. Tyson, S. (2014).Essentials of human resource management. Routledge. Zerbini, F., Borghini, S. (2015). Release capacity in the vendor selection process.Journal Of Business Research,68(2), 405-414.

Looking for Ali Brandi Essay- Sanya Dua Essays -

Looking for Ali Brandi Essay- Sanya Dua Malinda Marchetta's Looking for Alibrandi (1992) engages its teenage audience in Josephine's journey to maturation where she endures issues that are still relevant today. Through this the protagonist acknowledges how appearances can be deceiving. Also, she realizes the importance of inherited culture and the complexity of relationships. The text demonstrates that change is an integral part of growing up. Through the experiences of her protagonist Josephine's journey to maturation , Marchetta explores the enduring I dea that appearances don't always equate to reality which connects with the contemporary audience . John Barton appears to be popular', good looking' and possibly have everything in life' but Josephine realises that John faces family pressure and expectations to keep winning' and keep being the best' where the repetition of keep' reinforces the pressure from his family. Yet John reveals that his life is shit' and that he doesn't want to live anymore', a view that sharply juxtaposes with the one he outwardly projects. As Josephine matures she realises that in contrast to the reality of John's situation that she is "the luckiest person in the world' and "felt guilty" for misinterpreting his situation, and exaggerating her own problems. This demonstrates that sometimes keeping up with appearances creates conflict with family members. This can also be seen with Nona who always creates an idealistic image of herself where in reality the truth is completely the opposite as Josephine realises after Christiana's birthday wher e she emotively declares, " You -are-a-liarYou trained us to be respectful so pe ople would think we were perfect." Marchetta e ngages the responders through the complex nature of intercultural relations and the expectations of maintaining inherited culture relevant to a growing multicultural society. I nitially she experiences difficulty reconciling her Italian heritage with Australian values. Josephine is confronted with cultural expectations dictated by her Nonna which negatively affects her potential relationships, as seen through cumulative listing where she dismisses Jacob as a potential partner , '[he's]not going to be a solicitor' and is not Italian'. Her cultural difference is seen again when Jacob says I'v e never gone out with an ethnic girl" to which Josephine replies "don't you dare call me an ethnic girl. This is my country". Josephine struggles within school as she is culturally different, she m ust cope with derogatory labels such as wog' and new Australian' as she tries to find her identity. The protagonist is always pressured by her grandmot her with rules and regulations' such as she will get raped' if she goes out alone and therefore she struggles socially due to these demands her culture and family have as she is not allowed to go out like her friends are. This pressure is further demonstrated when her grandmother states in a sarcastic tone that " she's going to grow up, marry an Australian and her children will eat fish and chips". As she gains confidence and matures Josephine finds a balance between her two cultural influences, " No you can't hate what you're a part of. it will always be a part of me till the day I die". Marchetta explores the complex nature of famil y relationships that can characterize the lives of teenagers. Josephine has a challenging and distant relationship with her father as indicated when she shouts at him in a spiteful tone Only people close to me call me Josie'. Her disappointment and feelings of frustration are inferred from her angry tone " Don't you mock me' or make fun of the way I feel about my mother." The social expectation of emotional connection and care between parent and child is replaced by Josephine's lack of trust and respect for her father as she didactically declares that she doesn't want him near her'. Interestingly Josie is eventually able to reconcile her feelings and her early promise to keep out of' her father's life is later contrasted with he's ultra cool' and I feel like I am Michael ... Andretti's daughter'. Christina has a challenging relationship with her mother founded on the shame she feels about Josie's ill egitimacy this is denoted when Nonna is constantly interfering and criticizing Christina's life reinforcing that she