Describe the Initiatives Which Influence

E6- Describe the initiatives which influence the provision of challenging environments for children (5 marks) There are different types of international, national and local initiatives which influence the provision of challenging environments for children. An example of an initiative is the Forest Schools. ‘A Forest School is an innovative educational approach to outdoor play and learning’ http://www. forestschools. om/what-happens-at-a-forest-school/ Forest schools can influence the provision of a challenging environment, as the teachers can take the children in small groups every week to the local woods to have a better understanding of the outdoor environment and it’s linked to the curriculum. By doing this it enables children to be able to be in a safe environment when exploring and having adventures so they can see what things they can do when they go into the woods next time.It can also help children with problems such as language problems as this allows the m to speak about the experience they are having which can then be taken to the classroom and then it could be turned into a story to help the child. When going into the woods it helps to cater the behaviour for the problem children and it also teaches children when they can and can’t mess around.It also focuses on the fundamental aspect of the Forest School innovation educational approach. The Forest School provides ways for meeting learning objectives while developing practical life skills and encouraging child-initiated learning, which is observed and assessed. Lots of young children prefer to be outside than in the classroom environment because they can find it more exciting and they might pay more attention. Word Count- 240

Labour Party to socialism Essay

‘Explain the ideas and policies which link the modern Labour Party to socialism’. (10 marks) Socialism is the economic system based on cooperation rather than competition of businesses which utilizes centralized planning and redistribution of wealth. Industry is state owned and therefore companies have government monopolies on them which results in no competition. Industries are redistributed though the state to achieve a fairer society. Traditional Labour values were indeed a form of socialism as some of their core values include a large welfare state, mild redistribution of wealth through taxes and social mobility. Socialism was founded in 1789 if the modern day Labour party had the same ideologies as those of the original socialist politicians then it would be considered a far right party in today’s political spectrum. Since its origins, the principles of socialism have evolved into many different forms of itself to make it compatible with society. There are many links to many differing forms of socialism both traditional and modern in today’s Labour party. Democratic socialists i.e. Labour believe in â€Å"Equality of opportunity† this means that everyone has the same opportunities to maximise their potential and accomplish high positions in life no matter what their background or ethnicity, for example a labourer’s child can become a lawyer or politician if he/she desires and they will not be discriminated against. This is still one of Labour’s core values, therefore linking to traditional socialism. Another concept of democratic socialism is the redistribution of wealth an example of ‘New Labour’ doing that is increasing the amount in social housing estates, or the introduction of the ‘windfall tax’ which raised ?5billion to set up the ‘New Deal’ which helps the long term unemployed back to work through training and employment, thus giving opportunities to those who previously didn’t have the skills to generate their own wealth. Traditional socialism wants radical constitutional reform e.g. democratise institutions such as the House of Lords. ‘New Labour’ does want constitutional reform such as the de-centralisation of power and mild House of Lords reform e.g. it is elected not inherited. So therefore shows that Labour does still have socialist values.

Air Pollution Essay Example for Free (#6)

Air Pollution Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? Air pollution caused by vehicles has been identified as the largest contributor to air pollution in the world. Air pollution caused by vehicles is when the burning of fossil fuels to power our vehicles gives off CO2 emission. This pollution by vehicles also produces toxic substances such as sulfur dioxide and carbon which can be fatal to humans. Air pollution also comes from industry as this source of pollution spews particulate matter and chemicals into the atmosphere. The output from factories includes sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and dioxide. Almost all of Earth’s atmosphere or ecosystem has been altered by the long-term effects of pollution by industries. Power plants are also another reason to blame for air pollution. They spread gases that thickens the atmosphere, causing the heat to be blocked from exiting to space. The gases are heavy, and comes down to the ground causing pollution One of the power plants that gives out the most pollution is the power plant that is fired by coal. Coal burning is a leading cause of smog, acid rain, and toxic air pollution. Not only that, it also causes the greenhouse effect and holes in the ozone layer. Health Effects Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. Examples of short-term effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Other symptoms can include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions. Short-term air pollution can aggravate the medical conditions of individuals with asthma and emphysema. Long-term health effects can include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. Continual exposure to air pollution affects the lungs of growing children and may aggravate or complicate medical conditions in the elderly. Air pollution also effects the human cardiovascular system as the inhalation of air pollutants eventually leads to their absorption into the bloodstream and transport to the heart. Some pollutants may also directly cause functional alterations that affect the rhythmicity and contractility of the heart. Causes of water pollution. Factories play a major role in pollution the water. Wastes from factories include toxins, such as lead, mercury and other contaminants. These chemicals are very harmful and can lead to serious health hazards. Fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural farms, homeowners lawns and roadsides are a threat to the natural water source. When the pollutants runoff into local streams or rivers or drained down into groundwater, they contaminate the water completely. Mining is also another reason for water pollution. Heavy metals and sulphur components which are buried in the earth are exposed during mining and during rainfall these toxic chemicals are exposed, which results in acid rain. Air Pollution. (2016, Nov 15).

Asian Management for Toyota Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Asian Management for Toyota - Case Study Example The automation (ji-do-ka) consisted of equipping machines with an automatic system to stop them in case of problems. Automation applied to operators who stopped their production line if they ran into problems, so that product quality could be guaranteed and the problem solved on the spot the number of workers per line was diminished through the kaizen (continuous improvement) of production processes. The Asian values of lifetime employment, seniority-based wages, and the company union form the triptych of Japanese-style industrial relations. The relationship between the union and management hinges on reciprocal trust as provided by the 1962 Management-Union joint declaration. The union had no more strikes after 1954. Collective bargaining was replaced by a summit conference organized by company administrators and union executives. Worker bonuses were paid twice yearly, and a retirement bonus was provided. Toyota's weaknesses are its aging workforce, the exit of the Japanese salary man and the end of the era of lifetime employment. ... This case relates closely to the general theories and practices in Asian Management Systems. First, Toyota's Human Resources Division prides itself in treating its workers and suppliers as part of a big family. This close relationship based on trust is seen in the entire production system. First, the company encouraged the workers to propose solutions to production problems. The increased profitability is shared by huge bonuses given to the workers at the end of the year. Second, the company gave them a sense of ownership over their workplace through participation in its improvement. Thirdl, they reinforced bonds among workers by encouraging them to discuss and reflect upon their work. Finally, they promoted leaders from the rank and file and helped them develop their communication skills. Human relations activities were aimed at promoting the manager's personal touch and it has a mentoring system within the company. Toyota helps its suppliers in their production processes, work orga nization, production costs, and product quality. Toyota chose suppliers for each new model. Toyota informed its suppliers of its quarterly production plan so that they could prepare themselves. By creating competent suppliers, Toyota is able to increase its price and quality competitiveness. Customer satisfaction and dealer satisfaction is important. Dealer contracts prohibited them from selling other brands. Toyota provides financial support on condition that they remained loyal. Each dealer signed an annual contract indicating sales per model. The role of the dealers consisted of getting the complaints, requirements, and desires of current and future customers, so that these factors could be taken into account in the design of new

Physician-Patient Communication Changed by Electronic Mail Exchange Annotated Bibliography

Physician-Patient Communication Changed by Electronic Mail Exchange - Annotated Bibliography Example It was estimated in 2004 than 64% of physician’s use email in their communications with staff, patients, colleagues and third-party payers. This study found that patients are often frustrated and upset with the difficulty they encounter when trying to reach a physician by telephone hence the increase in patients requesting physicians to use email as a communication method. Benefits for physicians allow them to respond at any time and at their convenience while also allowing templates to be provided that respond to certain questions regarding care. Patient Gateway was used as a pilot program in certain ambulatory clinics. Results indicated that physicians felt the program was a positive though limitations of the study were that physicians were not yet using direct general messaging and the sample size was relatively small. The majority of the European populations use the internet for health reasons; only 10% communicate with their physician this way. Two distinct suppliers of internet secure patient communication systems supplied a list of those offices that were currently using their system and of those offices 9 participated in this study.

Restorative Justice Principles and Correctional Policies Essay

Restorative Justice Principles and Correctional Policies - Essay Example According to the report findings restorative justice principles are becoming used more often in schools - replacing simple expulsion as an attempt at conflict resolution. According to Carol Chmelynski, â€Å"Restorative practices in schools include peer mediation, classroom circles to resolve problems, and family group conferencing, all involving face-to-face resolution to address the multiple impacts of a student's offending behavior. Those most affected by it play an important role in resolving the incident.† This essay talks that efforts have also been made to incorporate this process into the criminal justice system for adult offenders. In a typical prison environment, offenses are merely punished with no attempt for the offender to understand how he has affected the victim. Although rehabilitation is a stated goal of the prison system, no serious efforts take place to actually accomplish that goal. Using restorative justice, prisoners are allowed to take full responsibility for their actions and improve their self esteem. By attempting to resolve issues calmly rather than allowing problems to escalate - or quietly fester - the offender is motivated towards future improvement. Obviously, the implementation of such policies would not be as practical - or even advisable - for the most serious crimes. It is doubtful that family members of a slain child, for example, would be willing to sit down calmly with the offender to discuss how he can accept responsibility for his actions and attempt to make restitution.

Design Information Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Design Information Technology - Assignment Example To embed functionalities on a simple design would require more effort than in putting the functionalities regardless of simplicity of design. Simplicity is the factor of designing that made Kaplan and Braunstein the high sale in camcorder. People love simple, adaptable, and dependable products (Colborne, 2010). Most of the companies had concentrated on making their camcorders win sales by adding advanced features. This was in contrast to the flip, which was primitive, missing on some features with low resolution. A year later flip just increased its sales to a million units with a low market of 6 million units. This came in recognition by the company, which recognized how the camcorders had become complex and intimidating. On realizing the main objective of people, which was not to make films but take spontaneous events as they came. With the realization of the customer requirements, flip is set into simplicity. It ditched the non-essential features, leaving out no cable. It effected on flip-USB connector, giving it its name. The flip had few buttons, did not require a CD for its software for it was embedded in the camcorder itself. This was among the design example of simplicity that gained the market among others that existed such as the VW Beetle and Twitter. This brings out how simplicity finds a popular audience due to reliability, as well as, being easy to use. They leave the users attracted to them. Hence, they usually get many surprising ways. This is one of the most advanced technologies that has brought up creation of powerful yet simple products. In creating complexities, when one side fails it may cost more to change everything in a satisfying manner to the people. The US Motor industry based itself on building cars that were heavy, thirsty, and expensive and sold at a premium price when the company faced a weighty problem during the 2008 economic crash. As usual, not many wanted high expenses during the economic crash. When the company did its anal ysis, it found that in restructuring itself, it would have to invest more billions of dollars. Therefore, it recognized the advantage of simplicity having withstood changes with less cost unlike the complexities that would cost a lot more when changes arise. Thus, the designers must put into consideration only the features that people consider essential, especially when rough times come, adhering to changes that would cost a lot. To give more features would require more cost unlike simple designs, which entail fewer features hence lowering of the cost (Colborne, 2010). Simplicity does not mean it would be so for all users and manufacturers. A company, which had its networking and functionality upgraded, made the managers’ work simpler, but the salespeople complained. This proves that on designing a simple part a lot would have to be put into consideration. Companies which products seem simple to the users, designers, and manufacturers usually have it rough. Google, which is t he largest and the simplest of all search engines, has the best engineers to do coding and math on the back end. Every year they set out to have the best in every of the fields they have. Employees work in the highest degree of professionalism to bring out what is acceptable by the users as simple. The one wheel bike may look very simple but prove to be an enormous challenge to ride. The Shaker and Panton chair both are simple but have a given uniqueness for their purpose. Therefore, in the design creation, we consider

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice - Essay Example However, medical practitioners can be faced with a dilemma that forces them to make a compromise between maintaining patient confidentiality and releasing such information in some circumstances. This could also be necessitated by various logical and justifiable situations that are supported by ethical principles. My position regarding patient confidentiality is that there are times in which the physician is logically justified to go against the implied promise of confidentiality and disclose the patient information. The first is the principle of beneficence where the decision made provides and balances benefits against harm and risks. For example where patient bills are paid by a health insurance company, such records have to be viewed by employees of the insurance company. If this is denied, the insurance company will not pay the bills. According to Veatch (1988), a breach of confidentiality could also be done in compliance with rules governing transmittable diseases that are a threat to the public. This means officials from the health department have the right to access such patient information. Most importantly, the breach of patient confidentiality is justifiable in cases where the patient is a minor. According to Nathanson (2000), young patients are allowed to test for certain diseases like STDs without the consent of their parents. However, when tested positive for serious conditions, a disclosure of this information to the parents or guardians is very critical. This is because it will ensure that the young patient gets proper medical attention and all round support. Hanks (2008) states that it may never be possible for a young patient to get any proper medical treatment if their medical information is kept away from their parents or guardians. This is because the minors might not be in a position to stand in for their medical bills. According to Silen et al (2008), there are situations in

Caligua Roman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Caligua Roman Empire - Essay Example While most likely not intended to last a lifetime, the name stuck and most of history remembers him under this name. His reign only lasted from 37 to 41 A.D., ending bloody as many of the reigns of Emperors of Rome would end. For most of Caligula’s young life, he was not in Rome. He spent his time on the campaigns of his father, his childhood outside of the socialization of the center of his homeland’s culture. In addition, his father, according to writings by the historian Tacitus, was well known for disobeying orders from Tiberius, delaying his return to Rome and taking his army where he desired, thus instilling in Caligula an â€Å"apparent disregard for prioritizing State interests over personal ones†, a point that became clearly a part of Caligula’s reign (Adams 34). Germanicus’ predilection towards the Hellenistic culture also influenced the young Caligula, many of those aesthetics appearing during his reign. Hellenistic culture was a fusion of Greek, Middle Eastern and Eastern cultures which was sometimes interpreted for its decadence, as much as for its classical philosophies, as described by Green as being â€Å"bourgeois, decadent, and materialistic (7). Germa nicus was popular, however, and when he died in 19 A.D. there was an enormous amount of grief among the Roman citizens (Adams 98). Caligula returned home to Rome with his mother and siblings after the death of his father. While the time of his youth does not specifically suggest that he was intended to be the heir of Tiberius, his later experiences before the death of the Emperor make it clear that he was then considered his heir. During his teen years, Caligula bore witness to a plot by praetorian Sejanus in which his mother and elder brothers were arrested and eventually killed. Caligula, now in line for leading the empire, did not fall under Sejanus as the plot was uncovered and he was arrested and put to death by Tiberius in 31 A.D (Burns 53). Shortly after, Caligula was made the official heir of Tiberius and would ascend to wear the laurels at a very young age. Caligula became emperor of Rome on 18 March 37 AD at the age of twenty-four. At first his reign seemed like a break from the austere and conservative reign of Tiberius, but soon the senate became unhappy with his excesses. In the first year of his re ign, Caligula put an end to the paranoia of the trials of treason and the public executions quieted for a time. Tiberius had been a dark and troubled ruler in his later years, creating an atmosphere of fear and treachery. However, from what ever cause, Caligula was falling into deeper and darker madness which manifested in all kinds of debaucheries and blood sport. He had his two greatest supporters, the praetorian prefect Macro who had helped him in holding his inheritance as Emperor and another great supporter, Tiberius Gemellus put to death (Adams 152). His excesses fell into categories of shameful behavior, some of which have been highly influential in characterizing ancient Rome as a time of great debauchery. It is said that he had incestuous relationships with his sisters, having a great love affair with his sister Drusilla who is thought to have been his true love. While he exiled two of his sisters on islands, Drusilla was made his heir (Tinsley 245). It is also hinted at th at he had made part of his palace

Early Italian Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Early Italian Renaissance Essay The intellectual concepts as well as the trends during a particular period in time are manifested in various ways. One means by which the situations in a specific time frame could be express is through the arts. Arts in the form of paintings, statues, and even in the construction of church or basilicas also symbolize the kind of thinking during the era that they were created. This is evident during the early Italian renaissance wherein the art forms during that time embodies the intellectual concerns of their society. According to the Columbia Encyclopedia (2007), the art forms created in this geographic part of the world that is now known as the country of Italy. The art works produced in this country have motivate the public interest and participation that is why there is a continuous production of monumental and spectacular art forms. In relation to this, Italian works of art has almost always been related with the intellectual as well as the religious events of the time. Furthermore, Italian art has been continuous source of inspiration for many people. The early Italian renaissance art is characterized by its observance of the medieval art, which gives priority to religious traditions and belief. However, it introduced a new idea, which is the importance given to the value and capability of the human person. This kind of mentality is the main idea that the renaissance period emphasized. Great artists like Guido of Siena, Cimabue, and Duccio di Buoninsegna have created many paintings that retain the Byzantine conventions that adhere to religious arts but they also established a new naturalism and a direct importance to human emotions in their art. This is greatly exemplified by the sculpture of Nicola Pisano as well as the fresco painting of Pietro Cavallini in Rome (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2007). The early Italian renaissance is the starting point wherein various art forms flourished. It was also during this time that paintings exhibit a new life and warmth that is similar to the intellectual revolution that is happening in the country in the light of renaissance. Reference ________. (2007). Italian Art. The Columbia Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 1, 2008, from http://www. bartleby. com/65/it/Ital-art. html.

Textual Analysis Of Early Modern English

Textual Analysis Of Early Modern English The text is from a collection of poems in The Phoenix Nest, which has been extracted from the book The poem of Sir Walter Ralegh. The Early Modern English poem is fourteen lines long and is quintessentially a self-pitiful venture to remind the poet himself of his lifetimes dashed reputation and respect as a result of his profound mistake. The poet, Sir Walter Raleigh, became a favourite of Queen Elizabeth the First after conveying, on a number of occasions, his abhorrence towards the Catholic Church but also due to his exceptional services to the state. Nevertheless, Queen Elizabeth had Walter thrown into prison after acknowledging his love affair with one of her Maids of Honour, Bessie Throckmorton. During this period of humility, Walter wrote the poem Farewell to the Court in 1593, which is in essence an unforgettable embittered poem that insinuated the Court did not aid him is his dilemma, although he had unquestionably devoted his lifetime in working for the Court. On a less subt le basis, the poem is concerning the poets despair, his contemplation on the wrongs committed and his hopes for fortune to come sooner than later. Sir Walter Raleigh was born at Hayes Barton, which is near the village of East Budleigh, Devon, England. Language scholars claim that the poet retained his strong Devonshire accent, although he came into contact with numerous regional accents all over England, including the prominent accents of London. However, apparently the poets accent was not discriminated in London. Furthermore, before the fifteenth century, when English had been standardized thanks to the Black Death (where the economy experienced a significant drop in population-size) and to Caxton (who introduced printing in 1476), there were several regional standard varieties of English. However, by the fifteenth century, the London regional standard was recognised as the only standard in England due to urbanisation and excessive economic growth in London. Analysis According to Smith (1999:128) v and u were used interchangeably in a word to represent both a vowel and a consonant. Therefore, v was generally used in initial position, for example, vnknowne (line 6) whereas u was generally used in all other positions, for example, truthles (line 1). However, there are evidences in the text that explicitly indicate inconsistencies in the orthography and the fact that the poet does not conform to the written spelling conventions. In the poem, v is utilized in all positions of a word, for example, the non-initial position in the word covrt (title) and the initial position in the word vnknowne (line 6) whereas u is utilized in all non-initial positions of a word, for example, the vowel occurs in the second syllable of returne (line 2) and in the first syllable of loue (line 3). Furthermore, according to Smith (1999:128), the final -y (in present day English) was orthographically represented by -ie, for example, staie (line 12). However, there are obvio us evidences in the text that similarly signify inconsistencies in the orthography and the fact that the poet does not implement the written conventions. In the poem, the final -y is unsystematically transcribed in various ways, such as: -ye (e.g. ioyes (line 1)), -y (e.g. my (line 1) and onely (line 4)), -ie (e.g. daies (line 2), fancie (line 3), staies (line 4) and waies (line 6)) and -ey (e.g. countrey (line 9)). Nevertheless, the discrepancies in the orthography may have transpired as a result of several reasons, such as: variation in regional dialectal (which would explain why there are numerous forms representing the final -y), written errors made by the scribe (which would explain the form -y being mostly represented by -ie), later modifications made by the editor in order to enable contemporary readers to comprehend the poem (which would explain why the word expired (line 1) is not spelt in its Early Modern English original form expird) or, a more straightforward reason woul d be, the poet felt exercising his own hybrid written conventions were more appropriate (which would explain the use of both regional and standard forms to represent one morpheme/syllable) than implementing the standard spelling system, particularly for a personal poem. Hence, although London English had become the standard variety in England, the latter justification would suggest individual writers had the propensity not to exploit the standard orthography during this early period when Standard English was yet considered not authoritative enough to cause national change in the spelling system. Smith (1999:130) alleges that, with respect to Early Modern English (EModE) pronunciation, although there were accentual variations in England, there was a fairly close correlation between a written letter and a spoken sound segment. However, there are evidences in the text that contradict this theory. For example, the vowels in the words life (line 7) and sweete (line 11) are orthographically realized as i and e, respectively. By contrast, the vowels are phonemically realized as / Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ °/ and /i:/, respectively. These examples clearly prove that in Early Modern English there was no direct correlation between orthography and phonology, particularly in this poem if not generally in the 16th century. This notion is further reinforced by the fact that Middle English had undergone major transformations in the fifteenth century (Strang 1970:165-172), whereby the language experienced the Great Vowel Shift, the inclusion of new phonemes (such as: / -/ and / Ã… ½/) and t he obsoleteness of various phonemes (such as / Ã‹Å"/). Hence, due to the fact that the poem is not phonemically transcribed, one cannot distinguish whether or not the poets accent had any linguistic effect on the poem. There is a significant number of words in the poem, approximately 25%, that are not Old English in origin but instead derive from various languages, such as: Germanic (e.g. dream), Old French (e.g. joy), Latin (e.g. expire), Greek (e.g. fantasy), French (e.g. retrieve) and Old Norse (e.g. wail). Although sixteenth century England experienced a dramatic increase in the number of loan words (more than any previous century) particularly from French, the percentage of non-Old English lexical items used in the poem is, nonetheless, extremely high. However, the use of what was classified as inkhorn terms (the pompous terminology of the over-learned) was probably used subconsciously if not intentionally by the poet in order to convey his retaliation towards the state, for unjustly imprisoning him in the Tower of London, by subtly advocating the encouragement of foreign influence. Conversely, the latter notion can be bypassed by the fact that a large number of words in the poem, approximatel y 75%, were Old English in origin. Furthermore, although the poet was not a purist (a writer who attempted to replace loans words with Old English poly-morpheme equivalents, for example, unthroughfaresom was used by purists as a substitute to impenetrable), the poet uses the Old English word loue (line 3) rather than the Neo-Latin alternative druery. Nevertheless, one may argue that the Neo-Latin term was not exploited in the poem because, by the 16th century, it was considered somewhat archaic. Hence, linguists argue that the vocabulary generally exploited by writers were predominantly Old English, except in the rare occasions where purist (such as Edmund Spenser) attempted to use all Old English based words whereas neologisers (such as Sir Walter Raleigh, but only in a short period of time) attempted to use as many loan words as possible (Smith 1999:153-4 Strang 1970:184). With respect to syntax, according to Smith (1999:142) Early Modern English is very similar to present-day English because it follows the same word order pattern (subject-verb-object), for example, the sorrow onely staies (line 4) incidentally there is no object because the word stay is an intransitive verb. Furthermore, the pronouns whose/whom can be used as a relative pronoun by occurring in initial position, which was a distinct feature since late Middle English, for example, whose sommer well nie don (line 11) and whom care forewarnes (line 13). However, although SVO was the unmarked word order in the 16th century, there are instances in the poem where a clause may be missing a grammatical function (i.e. the subject), for example, the clause to haste me hence (line 14) only consists of the non-finite verb followed by the object, which indicates development from Middle English to early 16th century. Nevertheless, the word order SVO is maintained and such peculiarity was typically found in poetry (due to stylistic reasons) rather than prose. With respect to morphology, the morphological system of Middle English has been largely preserved in Early Modern English (Smith 1999:134-141), such as: the plural marker -s on nouns (e.g. dreames (line 1), ioyes (line 1), etc.) and the predicate agreeing with its subject both in person and number (e.g. there is number agreement in Like truthles dreames, so are my ioyes expired (line 1)). However, the most idiosyncratic morphological feature in the 16th century is that an apostrophe is never used to indicate the genitive case, for example, in the phrase my life in fortunes hand (line 7) there is no apostrophe after the last vowel in the word fortunes, which would be present in present-day English. Nevertheless, apart from the excessive growth of compounding (e.g. forewarnes (line 13)), the poem has more or less preserved the morphological and syntactic properties of Middle English. The poet repeatedly emphasizes the refrain Of all which past, the sorow onely staies (line 4) in order to convey he is pessimistic and depressed by the fact that time passes by and the only thought that crosses his mind is the idea of eternal loneliness and sorrow. Furthermore, the poet does not in any way imply he apologizes for his mistake but instead insinuates he has been misled. This implicit meaning may account for the use of the rhyming scheme ABAB, which differentiates the rhyming couplet A and B in other words, the rhyming scheme is used as a metaphor to suggest that the poet and his lover, Bessie Throckmorton, are probably never meant to be together. Conclusion The poem Farewell to the Court by Sir Walter Raleigh illustrates the fact that, by the sixteenth century (i.e. Early Modern English), the orthographic and phonological systems of Middle English underwent major transformations, so much so that the correlation that existed between the two linguistic features had deteriorated significantly. Furthermore, during this period where the London English regional variety was recognised as the only official standard in England, the standard was not authoritative enough to initiate national change among writers (including Sir Walter Raleigh), although Caxton introduced spelling norms with his mass printing. Conversely, as the language acknowledged one official standard (rather than several regional standards), the basic syntactic and morphological properties of Middle English (which are implemented the poem) were sustained throughout Early Modern English to present-day English. Hence, the language of the poem explicitly depicts the fact that Earl y Modern English was linguistically extremely similar but not homogenous to present-day English (orthographically, phonologically, morphologically and syntactically).

Multicultural Education Essay -- Education Educating Culture Essays

Multicultural Education Getting Rid of the Stereotypes, and Teaching in a Multicultural Perspective Overview: It is rare that any two-classroom teachers will have the same definition for multicultural education. â€Å"The basic goal of multicultural education is to help all children understand and appreciate events and people from various points of view† (Welton, 113). Teaching with a multicultural perspective encourages appreciation and understanding of other cultures as well as one’s own. Rey Gomez states that teaching with this perspective promotes the child’s sense of the uniqueness of his own culture as a positive characteristic and enables the child to accept the uniqueness of the cultures of others. Children’s attitudes toward their race and ethnic group and other cultural groups begin to form early in the preschool years. Children are easily influenced by the cultural, opinions, and attitudes of their caregivers. Caregiver’s perceptions of ethnic and racial groups can affect the child’s attitudes toward those minority groups. â€Å"Early childhood educators can influence the development of positive attitudes in young children by learning about and promoting the various cultures represented among the children they teach† (Gomez, 1). Gomez also states young children can develop stereotypic viewpoints of cultures different from their own when similarities among all individuals are not emphasized. Teachers can help eliminate stereotypes by presenting material and activities that enable children to learn the similarities of all individuals. Early childhood teachers and parents of young children should become aware of the myths and assumptions associated with multicultural education so that they develop appropriate goals and methods. Listed below are the assumptions of multicultural education created by Paul Gorski and Bob Covert: 1. It is increasingly important for political, social, educational and economic reasons to recognize the US is a culturally diverse society. 2. Multicultural education is for all students. 3. Multicultural education is synonymous with effective teaching. 4. Teaching is a cross-cultural encounter. 5. The educational system has not served all students equally well. 6. Multicultural education is (should) being synonymous with educational innovation and reform. 7. Next to parents (primary caregivers) teach... ...es you can step on along the way, making sure there are no stereotypes in my classroom will be a necessity. Getting rid of the stereotypes, and teaching in a multicultural perspective will be one of my goals in the near future when I am a teacher myself. Works Cited: Dimidjian, V.J. â€Å"Holiday, Holy Days, and Wholly Dazed.† Young Children 1989: 6, 44. Dixon, G. T. & Fraser, S. â€Å"Teaching Preschoolers in a Multilingual Classroom.† Childhood Education 1986: 62. Gomez, Rey A. â€Å"Teaching with a Multicultural Perspective.† Eric Digests 1991. 30 Jan. 2002 http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed339548.html. Gorski, Paul. & Covert, Bob. â€Å"Defining of Multicultural Education.† Multicultural Pavilion 2000. 30 Jan. 2002 http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/go/multicultural/initial.html. Norton, D.E. â€Å"Language and Cognitive Development Through Multicultural Literature.† Childhood Education 1985: 62. Phillips, C.B. â€Å"Nurturing Diversity For Today’s Children and Tomorrow’s Leaders.† Young Children 1988: 2, 43. Welton, David A. Children and Their World: Strategies for Teaching Social Studies. 7th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

Getting Learical: Gods, Elements and Amusing (or Heartrending) Self-Con

When Lear is metaphorically stripped of his manhood in Act Two, Scene Four of the play that bears his name, the audience is left to ponder over the quantifiable loss of power which accompanies the man who has been duped out of his kingdom by his daughters. Surely Shakespeare’s use of a specific number of men serves to provide a concrete example of the sad old man’s dwindling power. The scene is almost always staged to portray a pathetic Lear, betrayed by his daughters, bereft of a kingdom and ripped from his one-hundred soldiers – his last possession and sole-signifier of his time as king. However, in a legitimate examination of the text, one can find evidence for a sympathetic reading of the daughters who rip the kingdom from their father and steal away his train. Goneril and Regan stand in the unenviable position of removing freedoms from their father. These freedoms, specifically the rowdy entourage of soldiers, represent a very real danger to Goneril and Rega n. Faced with the possibility of death at the hands of an army commanded by a madman, Goneril and Regan, who so often are maligned, both in performance and in interpretation of the text, act logically and avoid a disastrous situation. Lear, who must audiences align themselves with, in contrast, speaks in contradictories, superlatives and curses, further reinforcing the argument Goneril and Regan put forth for taking away Lear’s army. Before introducing my argument in the text, I wish to acknowledge the varying validities of other stagings or readings of the text. That is, I believe there is significant textual evidence for staging Goneril and Regan in a villainous role. I simply wish to argue that the text supports additional readings. The Goneril and Regan as villains ... ... Lear’s fall from grace. Yet, one must always remember that Lear, and not his daughters, initiated the ceremony of succession. Goneril and Regan exercised no coup. Lear’s loss of manpower is all the more pathetic because Lear is the author of it. Lear set up the fallacious test. Goneril and Regan simply manipulated the test for their own gain. In spite of their dubious motives, the sister’s approached the entourage question in an entirely reasonable manner. It was in fact, â€Å"in good time† (2.4.249) that Lear gave all to his daughters. The play ends tragically. That point cannot be disputed, but one cannot escape the fact that Lear, with extreme hubris, commanded the heavens and the elements to blind his daughters. What kind of tragedy might have transpired had Lear commanded an entire army, capable of hearing and attending to every word, upon his daughters instead?

Psychoanalytic Approach to Corona :: Corona Essays

Psychoanalytic Approach to Corona  Ã‚   The psychoanalytic approach applied to Corona can determine the state of minds of the characters Buddy, Lee, and Big Foot. At the end of the story, Buddy's super ego represses his id, thus proving that although his simple mind has always relied on his id, his super ego turns his character into a hero. Lee depends on her id and super ego throughout the story. Finally her ego balances out the other two. Big Foot's character does not change. His super ego is in charge of his life. Big Foot will never be able to see reality or pleasure because of his over-used super ego. What first catches our eye is the title of the story. Corona could mean, "The sun's outer atmosphere that is visible during total eclipses of the sun.", or the "nation's first photo reconnaissance satellite system, operating from 1960-1972.". Either description will fit the story considering the way the song, Corona makes everyone feel. When Buddy loses his eyesight, the song Corona is his light that helps him escape from the pain. The song is also an escape for Lee, whose body and mind needs sunlight to relax and feel like a normal nine year old. In the first paragraph, the three mental processes mold a perfect outline to what we should expect throughout the story. The id tells us that Buddy's mother is an alcoholic. She drinks in self pity because Buddy's father left before Buddy was born. Her alcohol does for her as Corona does for Buddy. Id is also the reason Buddy attempts to steal a helicopter with a girl named Delores-Jo. Buddy's ego lied about his age when caught and is why he must go to prison instead of reform school. His superego helps him to repress those feelings left by penitentiary life by deciding to move to New York to start over, instead of dealing with his problems, including a child on the way by a waitress. Buddy and Lee come from different backgrounds, but their life struggles bring them together. Buddy, comes from lower class. He has grown up in an single parent, alcohol abusive home. He has gone to prison and is now a blue collar worker. Lee has suffered from her parents recently divorcing. Her telepathy has brought her misery instead of insight. Buddy is simple minded and Lee is very intelligent. Psychoanalytic Approach to Corona :: Corona Essays Psychoanalytic Approach to Corona  Ã‚   The psychoanalytic approach applied to Corona can determine the state of minds of the characters Buddy, Lee, and Big Foot. At the end of the story, Buddy's super ego represses his id, thus proving that although his simple mind has always relied on his id, his super ego turns his character into a hero. Lee depends on her id and super ego throughout the story. Finally her ego balances out the other two. Big Foot's character does not change. His super ego is in charge of his life. Big Foot will never be able to see reality or pleasure because of his over-used super ego. What first catches our eye is the title of the story. Corona could mean, "The sun's outer atmosphere that is visible during total eclipses of the sun.", or the "nation's first photo reconnaissance satellite system, operating from 1960-1972.". Either description will fit the story considering the way the song, Corona makes everyone feel. When Buddy loses his eyesight, the song Corona is his light that helps him escape from the pain. The song is also an escape for Lee, whose body and mind needs sunlight to relax and feel like a normal nine year old. In the first paragraph, the three mental processes mold a perfect outline to what we should expect throughout the story. The id tells us that Buddy's mother is an alcoholic. She drinks in self pity because Buddy's father left before Buddy was born. Her alcohol does for her as Corona does for Buddy. Id is also the reason Buddy attempts to steal a helicopter with a girl named Delores-Jo. Buddy's ego lied about his age when caught and is why he must go to prison instead of reform school. His superego helps him to repress those feelings left by penitentiary life by deciding to move to New York to start over, instead of dealing with his problems, including a child on the way by a waitress. Buddy and Lee come from different backgrounds, but their life struggles bring them together. Buddy, comes from lower class. He has grown up in an single parent, alcohol abusive home. He has gone to prison and is now a blue collar worker. Lee has suffered from her parents recently divorcing. Her telepathy has brought her misery instead of insight. Buddy is simple minded and Lee is very intelligent.

DBQ apush Essay

To what extent did the American Revolution fundamentally change American society? In your answer be sure to address the political, social, and economic effects of the Revolution in the period from 1775 to 1800.  Notes from Mr. Williams: This essay was given to 2 nd  period APUSH on their first in – class essay. Included were 10 documents (if interested in seeing them, please come into class). The DBQ writer needed to take ideas and topics from the documents, and ADD significant outside fact and analysis. Notice that this writer does a complete job. He/she  deals with the entire question (deals with extent) and answers the question from economic, political and social points of view. Additionally, he/she used a significant amount of documents and included o  utside knowledge. After the American Revolution, Americans, who were free of British control, started to reevaluate politics, the economy and society. After breaking away from what they thought was a corrupt and evil government, Americans changed how the y wanted to  govern their society, even though they ultimately reverted to a more centralized government similar to Britain. The uneducated masses, as viewed by the elite, didn’t experience a lot of change though the ideals from the revolution still guided some to seek  better financial opportunities. Women, slaves, and loyalist experienced a considerable amount of change in society as women experienced more freedoms, some slaves were set free, and loyalist left America. Overall, America didn’t experience a l ot of economic  change, but it did experience, to varying degrees, political and social  change.

Cnpc and Petro China

Strategy – search for above normal performance 2. What strategy supports growth? Sustained CA- Not easily duplicated, or cost of duplication is higher than the returns Temporary CA- creates value, rare, but easily imitable. 3. Core competency- basic corporate principle around which all your resources are aligned, which builds your CA and differentiates you from your competitor. * Creates value, very few of your competitors can do, and grants you sustained competitive advantage. 4. Sources of Core competency= sources of sustained CA. . Sources of competitive parity, relatively normal, to get the risk adjusted return. 6. Goal of corporate – create CA that create more value than overhead involved (cost of corporates) 7. Business Unit strategy – bring standalone business units together into one corporate entity towards a common corporate goal. 8. Corporate Strategy a. Business units – tactics- how they help me achieve my corporate goal i. Differentiation ii. C ost leadership b. Different business units for different elements of corporate strategy 9.When your competition for customers is in different business segments, UWO and Ivey. 10. Unrelated corporate strategy c. Difficult to transfer core competencies and CA 11. Related corporate strategy- diversification d. Can transfer competencies, activities- distribution channel 12. Three types of corporate strategy e. Limited diversification iii. Single Business – risky portfolio. iv. Dominant business f. Related diversification v. Related constrained- net benefit and sharing. Cost synergies. Increase revenue synergies. Economies of scale.Transfer core competency for net benefit. g. Unrelated diversification- lack of ability to share activities. Best performance you can achieve is normal performance. h. Related constrained 13. Resources which are sources of Comparative parity, not core competency. i. Transfer when core competence creates net benefit for the corporate as a whole 14. Risks j. Systemic Risk or Beta- related to the market (external) vi. Very difficult to diversify it away k. Total risk = systemic risk +specific risk (unsystematic risk) l. Unsystematic risk = internal risk . Return per unit of risk = performance 15. How do you define sustained CA n. Competitor cannot compete it away, but can be destroyed by shocks to the systems by exogenous agents. o. Defined by the ability of the competitor to compete CNPC and Petro China 1. Down-scoping 2. Getting rid of social services business units (non-core businesses) that are not related to oil exploration and oil services. 3. PetroChina- own 88 to 90 % 4. Going from related linked related constrained strategy 5. Re- Strategizing 6. Successful IPO listing 7. Still struggling

Physiological life-long process Essay

Aging primarily is a physiological life-long process, starting at conception and ending with death (Kart, 1994). Persons grow old whether they like it or not. These changes, both positive and negative, place demands on the aging person’s abilities to cope with and adapt to new life situations. It is a challenge for any given society to assist their aged in coping with the new life situations they are facing. Unfortunately, the rapid social changes taking place in society do not always lend themselves toward helping the elderly meet the demands of their life situations. For one, the attitude toward this population is not helping them cope with it as well. According to historian Fischer, 1977 in Doress-Worters & Seigel, 1994), the old is regarded as useless, unattractive, and unwanted especially in the west. Acknowledging these realities of aging, the current research has been undertaken to study the experience of subjective well-being of senior citizens of Gladys Spellan. This shall be from the point of view of their administrators, particularly on their views on well being and the factors that influence it. Objectives / Outcomes This study therefore, will strive to achieve the following objectives: 1) Understand the experiences of the senior citizens of Gladys Spellman in the home for the aged from the perspective of their administrators: a) Their understanding or idea of well-being b) And the components of well being and factors that influence it. I personally chose this topic because I believe that as more and more elderly are placed under institutionalized care in contemporary society, a study such as this is needed to explore this phenomenon. It would shed light into the subjective lives experiences of the aged from an administrators’ view point. This would also contribute to the literature in this area and serve as groundwork for further studies in this area. This study will explore the subjective well-being (SWB) of the elderly in Gladys Spellmen who opted to live in an institutionalized set up or in a home for the aged by choice. The following framework will be used as a guide in the study: Method The first step in the research was the gathering of secondary data that are pertinent to the current topic, collating literature on the concept of well-being, indicators of the cognitive and affective components, and the factors which contribute towards it. A case study will be used in the current study, focusing on Gladys Spellmen Specialty Center. A semi- structured interview guide has been used in gathering primary data from the administrators of the institution. Interviewing. All the interview sessions with administrators will be one-on-one or individual interviews, for which the researcher has jotted down notes. A session with the participants lasted about 45 to 90 minutes,sometimes with a break in between or without it. The personal information sheet will be completed before or after the interview session with them. The researcher will take down notes while interviewing which shall be thematically analyzed. References Kart, C. S. (1994). The realities of aging: An introduction to gerontology (4th ed. ). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Doress-Worters P. B. , & Seigel, D. L. (1994). The new ourselves growing older. Women aging with a knowledge and power. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Library System Essay

System Design contains Logical Designing & Physical Designing. Logical designing describes the structure & characteristics or features, like output, input, files, database & procedures. The physical design which follows the logical design, actual software & a working system. There will be constraints like Hardware, Software, Cost, and Time & Interfaces, While Structured design is a data flow methodology. The graphical representation of data flow, communication & defining the modules & their relationship with each is known as Structure Chart. This method decomposes & modularizes the system so that the complexity & manageability will come down. Thus reducing the intuitive reasoning & promotes the maintainable provable systems. Barcode Reader is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain decoder circuitry analyzing the barcode’s image data provided by the sensor and sending the barcode’s content to the scanner’s output port. Computers are fast becoming our way of life and one cannot imagine life without computers in today’s world. Go to a library or go to a bank, computers at all places. Since computers are used in every possible field today, it becomes an important issue to understand and build these computerized systems in an effective way. The goal is to work smarter, get real value from efforts, increase efficiency, and save time. Today, more organizations are turning on to computer based information system to help them deal to the problem that they encountered in the company. These impacts most of the levels in organization because of the large amount of data that is accumulated. And the manual way of maintaining a data is not enough to store a data or information. There will be unavailability for future use, since data might get misplaced during manual filing. So data won’t be preserved properly for future use. And since everything and every details is written down manually in paper there will be too much paper works. Many application and software system are being created to meet the needs and satisfaction of the company. One of the systems is Management Information System and many others. And so, this study would like to contribute in the field of Information Technology by proposing an automated library system using a barcode Reader for Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s library system. SCPS is a catholic school and a parish Church in Barangay Maly, San Mateo, Rizal. The library system they use up to now involves manual transaction and process without any help from computers that result for a long time consumption. With these problem stated above, the proponent came up with an automated library system using barcode reader. This will help eliminate the need for manual entry of data and for faster processing of transaction in the library. It is proven to be very efficient in inventory, tracking, and faster procedure. Background of the Study  Sta. Cecilia Parochial School, as a Catholic Institution, is a part of the state and therefore has a legal character. As mandated in the manual of regulations, it is subject to DepEd rules. It operates legally as a corporation but as a private institution it possesses necessary to perform functions. Inspired by the resolution and decrees of the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines on the role of Catholic Schools in evangelization, Rev. Fr. Efren C. Villanueva, Parish Priest of then newly built Sta. Cecilia Parish, opened Sta. Cecilia Parochial School (SCPS) in June 1993. The school was named Sta. Cecilia after the church name and the donor of the land (Cecilia Amado) where the school stands. The school started with only 47 pupils distributed in Nursery, Kinder, Preparatory and Grade one levels who occupied the two-storey support parish hall. Every year, one grade level is added and this made the completion of the Elementary Department that had its first batch of graduates in 1998. Due to population increase of almost a hundred each year, Fr. Efren decided to put up an initial two-storey building with eight classrooms in December 1994. This was made possible through a loan courtesy of sister banks namely: Rural Bank of San Mateo and Valley Rural Bank of Marikina. The same director added one-storey building into three-storey in 1997. An extension three-storey building was being built when Fr. Efren was transferred to another MAPSA school in the diocese of Antipolo in September 15, 1997. He was replaced by Rev. Fr. Joselito R. Rocero. In 1998, SCPS opened its Secondary Department and started to accept freshmen students only until the secondary level was completed. In 2002, SCPS had its first batch of High School graduates. With the leadership of Fr. Lito, the school continues to develop in all its areas. A two-storey building was constructed at the extreme right of the main building where the school canteen, Administrator’s office, HRDO, Faculty Room and Audio Visual Room were housed. Air-conditioned units were installed in Pre-school rooms and offices. Computer laboratory and stage were constructed. Cementing of the ground, school window grills installation and construction of covered path walk are also some of his projects through the support of the P. T. A. On Februrary 15, 2004, Fr. Lito was confined due to heart ailment and on March 2004he underwent a by-pass operation. In his absence of six months, he was relieved by Rev. Fr. Romarico V. Hilario. Fr. Rico strengthened the marketing strategies of the school thru billboards and streamers made of tarpaulin. He initiated the repainting of the new building. He launched successfully a clean and green program in the school, and created the school MOTTO: â€Å"Our commitment, Your Future† which compliments the Vision and Mission of the school. Fr. Lito resumed to service in SCPS on Oct. 2006. He was transferred to Our Lady of Nativity Parochial School on October 23, 2006 and was repleaced on the same day by Rev. Fr. Roy B. Crucero, the former school director of St. Michael Parochial School in Jala-jala, Rizal. He was assigned as Parish Priest and SCPS Director on Novevember 22, 2006. Being a young energetic and very decisive director, Fr. Roy introduced changes in the varied systems of different departments of SCPS. He initiated the first strategic planning session of the school at Our Lady of Peace Retreat House, Antipolo City on May 2007. It was participated by 17 SCPS personnel and was facilitated by the able Finance Officer of Cainta Catholic College, Mr. Reldino R. Aquino. The previous Vision-Mission Statement underwent revision to respond to the needs of the Cecilian community. Through effective processing, a draft of the new vision-mission statement was then finally structured, which hopefully, will give direction to SCPS in the entirety of its operation. Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s library system is currently using card catalogs, to search for the books. Students manually borrow and return books by signing in the log book. This log book doesn’t have a proper security because anyone can access to tamper it. In signing in the log book the borrower consumes more time and effort just to sign up all information that is needed. In searching for the books, the borrower will go to the book shelves that are labeled by the category of the books and look for the book one by one. After that, the borrower will go back to the school librarian to give his/her library card so that the librarian could write the book that will be borrowed and set a policy. The card catalogs that the librarian is using are not yet completed. In some cases, the primary number of books was already made to the other book and also put to another book, so it creates confusion to the librarian. Mission and Vision Mission Statement As a living witness of the Gospel, Sta. Cecilia Parochial School envisions to harmonize Science and Religion that value life and culture who promotes faith, hope, justice and unconditional love. Vision Statement Inspired by the virtues of St. Cecilia we will strive to: †¢ Provide quality education with spirituality at the core of the curriculum †¢ Build responsible Catholic Christian community by imbibing love and service for others. †¢ Preserve the integrity of creation and total human development. Organizational Chart Rev. Fr. Roy B. Crucero School Director Mrs. Linda V. Pertudo Principal Rev. Fr. Arnel H. Hosena OSJ Bro. Arthuro G. Canizo, OSJ Spiritual Director School Treasurer Ms. Aurea A. Gupit Academic Coordinator Mrs. Fe Doralita C. Ergina Mrs. Higinia L. Briones Guidance Counselor Registrar Mrs. Juilet Andales Mrs. Corazon Otawa Mrs. Arlene L Vergara Librarian Science Coordinator English Coordinator Faculty Advisers – Elementary Department Faculty Advisers – High School Department Non – Advisers Support Staff General Sevices Figure 1. 1 Organizational Chart of SCPS (Administration and Staff) Faculty Advisers – Elementary Department Mrs. Rosana T. Saplor Ms. Catherene R. Azucena Prep/ Kinder I – Faith Mrs. Juvy M. Balute Ms. Jacquelyn T. Purino I – Hope II – Wisdon Ms. Marie B. Caliguiran Ms. Rea P. Mercado II – Knowledge III – Humility Mrs. Angelina C. Lamis Ms. Roselie P. Forro III – Piety IV – Honesty Mrs. Anna D. Trijo Ms. Ludelyn V. Marquez IV – Courtesy V – Generosity Mr. Jose D. C. Otawa Mrs. Jonavie S. Rosales V – Loyalty VI – Chastity Ms. Vivian C. Bilela Ms. Monaliza B. Caliguiran VI – Obedience Teacher – Aide Figure 1. 2 Organizational Chart of SCPS (Faculties – Elementary Department) Faculty Advisers – High School Department Mrs. Agnes P. Ty Mrs. Liwanag C. De Villa I – St. Jude / Filipino I I – St. Dominic / TLEI Mrs. Dariae R. Batacan Ms. Annabelle P. Pastolero I – St. Martin / Science I I – St. Blaise / English I Mr. Arnold Dominic D. Ty Mr. Jesus D. Gonzales I – St. Jude / Social Studies I & III I – St. Michael / MAPEH I & II Mrs. Eva M. Ebora Mr. Eduardo A. Almazar II – St. Mary / Math II II – St. Elizabeth / Social Studies I & II Mrs. Marilyn. DV. Catillon Ms. Elena B. Dagnalan II – St. Anne / Science Technology II II – St. Bernadette / Religion I & II Mr. Osmond B. Baylen Mrs. Imelda H. Hernandez II – St. Therese / English III – St. Mathew / Sci-Tech. III Mrs. Emila B. Ergina Mrs. Myrna A. Velasco III – St. Mark / Filipino III & IV III – St. Luke / Religion I & II Ms. Melanie O. Espejo Mrs. Leilani G. Flormata III – St. John The Evangelist / Math III III – St. Thomas / TLE II & III Mrs. Ofelia M. Abarado Ms. Tina H. Tan IV – St. Joseph / Math IV IV – St. John B / Social Studies I & IV Mrs. Richelle M. Baylen Mrs Marivi V. Agcalis IV – St. Peter / Filipino II & IV IV – St. Clement/English IV & Speech Mr. Miguel A. Litan IV – St. Paul / Math I & Sci-Tech. IV Figure 1. 3 Organizational Chart of SCPS (Faculties – High School Department) Non – Advisers Ms. Blesilda V. Bolanos Mrs. Hera M. Domingo Sci – Tech. II School Nurse Sports Coordinator / MAPEH I & III Mr. Rolphy M. Libelo Mrs. Belen U. Perez Computer Teacher Math I & III Mrs. Evelyn R. Raymundo Ms. Jennifer D. Bragas TLE II English III / Enlish Club Mr. Sozimo M. Rosales Religion I & IV Figure 1. 4 Organizational Chart of SCPS (Non – Advisers) Support Staff Ms. Milagros C. Pudadera Ms. Ivy C. Yanga Cashier Assistant to the Cashier Dr. John D. Magat, M. D. Dr. Felicidad V. Delos Reyes School Doctor School Dentist Figure 1. 5 Organizational Chart of SCPS (Support Staff) General Services Mr. Roger F. Apin Mr. Jomar Otico General Service General Service Mr. Elmer Sitar Mr. Glen Villagracia General Service General Service Mr. Ariel Bunda Ms. Aida C, Pescasio General Service General Service Mr. Arvin Poral Mr. David Ramilo General Service General Service Renante L. Matan Jose N. Montevirgen Security Guard Security Guard Figure 1. 6 Organizational Chart of SCPS (General Services) Statement of the Problem The current library system are done manually by the librarian and borrowers in terms of borrowing, lending of books, making a daily, weekly, and monthly reports. With this kind of manual system, the transaction and activity in the library takes more time and sometimes a delay that causes some problems for the student like being late in their classes. The proponent comes up a six statement of the problem that is gathered from the interview about the library system of SCPS. 1. The current system cannot provide a security for authorized users, thus, tampering of data and information is possible. 2. The library system of the school cannot monitor properly & efficiently the borrowing and returning of books which results to unorganized procedure of transaction. 3. The existing system does not have the capability of monitoring the availability of books and other materials in the library. 4. The searching of books from the library requires a lot of time in order to check for the availability of the book. 5. The current system cannot provide an accurate & timely reports needed by the librarian in terms of information gathering. 6. The library system does not have any help from computer devices which make the procedure and transactions consume more time. Objectives of the Study This study aim to provide an automated library system for SCPS that will make the transaction in the library faster and more efficient. The time problem for borrowing and returning of the book will reduced, and the problem that are state above will be terminated or lessen. This library system will implement a unique username and password for the librarian to prevent the database and records from unauthorized access, thus making the librarian and borrowers lessen their effort in finding books in the library. 1. To develop a library system that has a strong security system that keeps the important records and information in the database from unauthorized access. This will provide a library card, unique username and password having a database for accessing the books so that will avoid the tampering of data and records. The librarian is the administrator of the proposed system and only the librarian has the access to open the administrator account which will provide the retrieving of records and information 2. To make easier to borrow a books, the students and faculty members are required present a library card to the librarian. The borrowed books will be record from the database of the system. In returning a book the librarian will check the library card to see the records of the borrower. And check the borrowed book if damaged or overdue to its policy, if damaged, the librarian will give the penalty fee, After the checking of records and returning of books the borrowers library card will be cleared and the transaction will be saved in the database. 3. The proposed system will record all transaction that happened every day in the library, in that way the system can monitor the availability of the books and other materials in the library. The proposed system will provide a library control over the quantity of books on hand, provided with actual book number allowing accurate valuation of books on hand. 4. The proposed system will required the borrower to present a library card to the librarian. Then they can search a book using search button that will require inputting a title of the book, category and author name. There is a library map which the books are located provided by the search button, it will directly point the shelves were the book is located. In that case the process of searching for a book will reduce. 5. The proposed system will have a database which all the transaction and information will be stored every time to have an accurate report, so that the librarian can easily print it out from the database anytime is needed. Only the registered accounts will record in the database for reports, in this case any transaction must be done always by logging-in in the system. 6. The proposed system will implement a Local Area Network so borrowers and librarian can communicate with each other and transfer data between workstations very easily. All the data from the borrower’s computer will be sent in the database of librarian’s computer. LAN base is needed in order to work precisely the proposed system because it requires a communication and connection between the server and borrowers account. Scope and Limitation The main scope of this study will focus only on Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s library system, when implemented it will improve the transaction process in Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s library system to make it more effective and accurate for storing and retrieving a information of a book as well as the borrowers. This study will help the library system of Sta. Cecilia Parochial School to have an automated library system in their school. This study is not responsible in computing the new books that are going to buy. Transaction payment of any book damaged, lost and unreturned books are not scope of these study. The proposed system will help the school and the librarian to transact easily, minimize the paper on the library, gives more security both to the students and for the school. The system is designed to store a large amount of data about book and search these books by title, author, and at the same time it can make a registration of account for a new user of the Automated Library System. The Security of the system will be strong to keep the important data of the system from unauthorized access; the librarian will be the server at the same time the administrator of the proposed library system. Only the librarian has the access to open the administrator account. If the librarian forgot the password, the librarian is provided for retrieving the password in the proposed system. Registration of accounts will be implemented and stored in the proposed database. Only the registered user can access to borrow the books to bring outside the library, a borrower must have an account before accessing to the system. Every user will have a unique registered name. Borrowing and returning of books are accurately monitored by the proposed system. Books that are damaged, borrowed and overdue will be recorded to the borrowers account. Only registered user has the privilege to borrow a book in the proposed library system. Borrowed book can only return by the user who borrowed the book. Daily, weekly and monthly reports will be generated by the proposed system. Registered users are the only people can send reports in the proposed system. Merit information like new students’ library records and list of students, system error will be reported early. The Maintenance of the proposed system will be updated in every new user, newly acquired books as well as the update of the barcode reader when there is malfunction that may be encountered. Authorized people will be the only people can practice the maintenance especially in manipulating the merit data. Help module will be generated by the proposed system to be able for the borrower to easily use the system. A back-end will be installed in the computer together with the proposed system that will enter the record by the Librarian. The system will have a LAN based system for book search to allow students to browse an available book as well as to have a communication from librarian’s computer up to the borrower’s computer. A back-up copy of the data base will be set up by using a separate storage device in case of data loss. The limitation of the proposed system is that the system will not have a module that will compute for the penalty fees when the books are overdue, damaged and lost of a book. The due date of the book is depend on what the librarian and the borrower negotiated. Three days is the maximum days in borrowing a book. Only three book can be borrow in every borrower . Natural circumstances that will occur like computer break down and unexpected errors in hardware of the computer are inevitable with these problems. CHAPTER II SYSTEM DESIGN Description of the Existing System The library of Sta. Cecilia Parochial School is currently using a manual procedure on the library current system. When the first day of classes start, students register at the library to have an access and to use its facilities. The student presents an identification card to the librarian and the librarian will give a registration form to the student, the student must fill up the form and present it to the librarian and the librarian will process the registration in the librarian record book. Every student who will register at the library must have a 2 pieces of 1Ãâ€"1 pictures that will be attached to the library card after the librarian processed the registration. After the registration processed the student can start using the library and the student will have the privilege to borrow the book in the library. The librarian will keep the registration forms and records of the library filling cabinet. In borrowing books in Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s library, the borrower must have a library card. In every transaction inside the library the borrower must present the library card specially when borrowing the book and take it outside the library. The librarian will keep the library card until the borrower returns the book from the date it will be returned. A maximum of three books are the only allowed to be borrowed and it is only for three days. When a borrower will return a book in the library, the librarian will check the library card of the borrower and the date of the book is borrowed, and the librarian will check if it is overdue, the librarian will sign the library card before giving it back to the borrower. If the book is overdue the librarian will give a penalty slip, the borrower must pay first to the treasury department before to obtain his library card. The receipt will be given by the cashier after the payment is done. The borrower will present the receipt to the cashier to claim his library card and the librarian will check the receipt if it is a validated receipt, after checking the receipt, the librarian will sign the library card of the borrower and it to the borrower. All books that are overdue will charge five pesos each book per day starting from the date the books are overdue. The acquisition of books is done when new books are supplied and delivered by the Department of Education. All newly acquired books will record by the librarian in the library catalogue and placed it in the shelves. The record of the books are filled and kept in the library’s filing cabinet. The inventory of the book always done in every month, then librarian will make a report of the list and number of the books available in the library. Furthermore borrowed book, overdue and lost or unusable book will also include in library inventory. All reports will be given to the accounting department which is then processed for verification and for the accounting department own inventory records. Narrative Description of the Existing System Registration 1. The students will present their school identification card to the librarian. 2. The librarian will give a policy form that the student will have to agree and sign a signature. 3. The librarian will provide a registration form to the student. 4. The student will fill up the registration form and give it to the librarian. 5. The librarian will provide a library card for the student and write their basic personal information. Borrowing of Books 6. The student must sign in the log book upon entering the library. 7. The student presents the library card and the book to the librarian. 8. The librarian will sign the library card and set a policy of duration of time and records it to a log book. 9. The librarian will take the library card of the borrower until the book is returned. Returning of Books 10. The student must sign in the log book upon entering the library. 11. The student will return the book to the librarian and the librarian will check the records of the borrower in the filing cabinet if returned book are overdue or damaged. 12. The librarian will provide a pay slip to the student if the book is damaged or overdue and pay at the treasury department. 13. The student must show the receipt of payment to the librarian for verification. 14. The librarian will return the library card to the student if there is no problem, and then the librarian will return the borrowed books from the book shelves. Searching of Books 15. The student must sign in the log book upon entering the library. 17. The borrower will search the book in the book shelves one by one using card catalog. Reports 18. The librarian checks the records from the filing cabinet and transfers it one by one in the report paper. 19. The librarian checks the book shelves every month one by one if there are missing books. 20. The librarian will provide a report base from the record of transaction that is process in that day. 21. The librarian will submit all the report to the accounting department for record purpose. Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System Figure 2. 1 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System Figure 2. 2 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System (Registration) Figure 2. 3 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System (Borrowing of books) Yes No A Figure 2. 4 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System (Returning of Books) Figure 2. 5 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System (Searching of Book) Figure 2. 6 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System (Reports) Analysis of the Existing System Therefore the proponent concludes that the proposed system will help the current library system of Sta. Cecilia Parochial School. For its manual use of library system which uses a catalogue card to search a specific book and a log book for the records of the borrowers name as well as the borrowed book. The librarian is facing some problems regarding to their existing library system regarding in their manual transaction. We noticed that the security of merit data of the existing system of Sta. Cecilia Parochial School too slow because of manual recording of borrower’s name and borrowed book. The librarian has difficulties in compiling the data in the filing cabinet because it can store limited number of data and it takes amount of space in the library where the records are being stored which should be used as space for the bookshelves. The Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s existing system has also a difficulty in finding the borrower’s record especially when it is too precedent and sometimes not recalled by the librarian which can cause to missing books. With this kind of system there are so much time been use up that could be use in arranging things in the library and space for the other bookshelves that could be use for the upcoming books and for the books that should be arrange in order where they can be easily to find. Description of the Proposed System The proposed system will replace the existing into a more effective, accurate and less time process of transaction handling. Integration and computerization of the library’s existing system will be implemented in the library using a barcode that will enhance and shorten the process and transaction in the library. The registration process of the proposed system will require a school identification card and other personal information of a student or faculty member, they will sign up in the registration form of the proposed system, the registration form will require the borrower to have a unique name that is not yet included in the database, this information will directly saved in the database of the proposed system. After the registration, the librarian will print a library card containing the library card number and some information about the student or faculty. The borrowing of book will require a library card and the book number. The librarian will encode it in to the proposed system’s database and records the time and date of book are borrowed and the librarian will keep the library card until the borrower returns the book from the date it will be returned. When a student return a book the librarian will check the library card and verify it in the system and will clear the account of the borrower. If book the book is overdue to the policy that given the borrower have to pay first in the treasury department before his/her account will be cleared. In searching for a book, the system will provide a search button and the borrower will input the book title, author, or book number. The system will provide a map of the library that will locate the location of the book. The inventory and reports will provide by the proposed system’s database, the librarian will just print it out, and gathering of data will be an easy task. Narrative Description of Proposed System Registration 1. The student presents a library card to verify his/her identity. 2. The student must fill-up the registration form containing his/her personal information. 3. The student must agree to the terms and condition of the librarian. Search 4. The student or the faculty must present his/her library card to the librarian. 5. The student will use the search button in order to search a books.. 6. The student will type the author of the book or the title or the primary key of the book he/she wants to search. Borrowing of books 7. The student or the faculty must present his/her library card to the librarian. 8. The librarian must confirm the identity of the student or the faculty. 9. The librarian must punch the book the student will borrow by the Barcode Reader and sends the data to the database. 10. The student or the faculty must have a agreement when he/she will return the book. Returning of books 11. The student must present his/her library card. 12. The librarian must punch the book with the use of the barcode reader to check in the database if the book is over due in returning the book. 13. The librarian must check if the book has been damaged. 14. The librarian must confirm it to the database. Reports  15. The librarian must login first to his/her administrator account. 16. The librarian must compile what he/she wants to have a report. 17. The database will get all the data the librarian needed. 18. The computer will provide an output. Help 19. The student or librarian will choose a module from the proposed system 21. The proposed system will display the description for each module. 22. The proposed system will display the use and purpose of each module. Procedural Flowchart of Proposed System Start A A Input Username and Password Verifying Username and Password End ForgotYes Answer your secret. Password question B No Verify your answer Database Select One Registration C Search D A Figure 3. 1 Procedural Flow Chart of the Proposed System Registration C Input your personal information, . saving your personal information, and your student number. Database B Figure 3. 2 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Search D Input title of the book, author, or the Primary number of the book. Finding the book, which shelf are they located, and availability Database B Figure 3. 3 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Borrowing of books E Present your Library card Confirming your library card Database. Checking the book information Using barcode reader. Database Proof that he/she lends book. B Figure 3. 4 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Returning of books F Checking the books; Damages, due time, using barcode reader. Damaged, YesInputting in the Over Duedatabase by the Database Librarian. I No Cashiers office Confirming that the book has been returned. Paying the penalty B Confirming by the DatabaseLibrarian I Figure 3. 5 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Reports G Compiling & printing: -missing books -number of books Database -borrowed books -damaged books Print-out. B Figure 3. 6 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Help H Manual regarding the software. Type the keywords Searching keywords B Figure 3. 7 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Context Diagram of Proposed System Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System Security Module D1 Library System Database Exploded 1. 1 Forgot Password D1 Library System Database Borrowing of books D1 Library System Database Returning of books D1 Library System Database Searching of books D1 Library System Database Reports D1 Library System Database Help D1 Library System Database Maintenance D1Libr.

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